Tumor of the pancreas: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

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2018-03-25 17:54:21

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One of the dangerous diseases is a tumour of the pancreas. Symptoms to identify at an early stage is almost impossible. This disease is diagnosed in patients, usually in advanced stage. And to treat progressive pathology is difficult.

pancreatic cancer symptoms

Anatomical description

The Pancreas-a small organ located directly behind the stomach. It performs two important functions:

  1. Digestive. The body produces enzymes. They contribute to the breakdown arrived with food are proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Selection of enzymes is carried through the ducts of the glands into the lumen of the duodenum.
  2. Endocrine. The pancreas produces hormones involved in metabolic processes. Among them insulin. A hormone capable of lowering the level of blood sugar. Another important ingredient is glucagon. The hormone provides increased sugar levels. No less important is the production of gastrin. This hormone increases the production of gland pancreatic juice.

In anatomy, there are the following divisions of the pancreas:

  • Head;
  • Neck;
  • Body;
  • A tail.

Most Often diagnosed tumor in the pancreatic head.

Causes pathology

Tumor of the pancreas, the symptoms of which are evident in the last stages, is a malignant education. Pathology is quite common in Oncology. Because hardware has an increased load. As a result, the body cannot always cope with their basic functions.

Causes of tumor in many clinical situations remain a mystery. But doctors have identified factors that provide the conditions for the creation of cancer cells.

surgery pancreas consequences

So, a malignant tumor of the pancreas may develop on the background:

  1. Smoking. This is the first factor that triggers the development of pathology. Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons contained in tobacco smoke, represent the strongest stimulator of tumor development. Almost 1/3 of all pancreatic cancer diseases provoked by Smoking.
  2. Older. People after 60 years are more at risk for disease.
  3. Sex. According to statistics, the tumor of this cancer is more frequently diagnosed in men.
  4. Diabetes mellitus. High blood sugar can lead to the development of pancreatic cancer.
  5. Chronic pancreatitis. Long flowing inflammation often becomes a predisposing factor to the development of disease. Reactive changes of the pancreas, characteristic of pancreatitis, provoke swelling of the body. The outflow of enzymes difficult. Pancreatic juice, is not trapped in the digestive tract, harmful effect on the tissues of the body. As a result, seriously disturbed the parenchyma of the pancreas.
  6. Obesity. Overweight and related disorders in the body can be a source of cancer.
  7. Malnutrition. The abuse of carbohydrates, fats creates a heavy load on the body. Resulting in iron can fail. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, significantly reduces the risk of tumors.
  8. Inheritance. In the presence of relatives who underwent this pathology, the risk of developing cancer of the prostate increases significantly.

The First signs of disease

It is Very difficult to determine the period when the first problems arise with the pancreas. Symptoms may not be noticeable until the onset of stage 4 cancer. And, unfortunately, it is not uncommon. Because it makes itself felt only grew a tumor of the pancreas. The symptoms of the pathology provoked by the spread of cancer to other tissues.

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However, there are signs that allow to suspect the disease at an early stage. They completely depend on the localization of pathology.

Describe the initial problems with the pancreas, the symptoms are the following:

  • Oncology head – weight loss, jaundice, fat in the stool, abdominal pain;
  • Cancer of the body of the tail – weight loss, abdominal discomfort.

The Pathology that develops in the head of the gland, makes itself felt much earlier than cancer arising in other parts of the pancreas.

Main features

reactive changes of the pancreas

Basically, if we talk about the tumor of the pancreas, symptoms may experience the following:

  1. Pain epigastric discomfort. This is the first complaint of the patient. Connection with the use of food as a rule, can not be traced. The pain is much worse at night. In the localization of pathology in the head of the gland discomfort occurs in the right upper quadrant and the zone of the navel. If struck by the tail, the body of the pancreas, the patient experiences pain in the lower back, interscapular area. Discomfort when changing position can change the intensity. Therefore, this pain is often mistakenly referred to radiculitis.
  2. Paraneoplastic signs. The patient has weakness, loss of appetite. There is often an aversion to fat, meat diet. The patient refuses the favorite intoxication – caffeine, alcohol, tobacco. Characteristically manifested weight loss, sleep disorder, syndromeTrousseau (migration, thrombosis of peripheral veins).
  3. Jaundice. Is compressed bile duct. As a result, the patient's urine and skin to acquire a darker shade. The stool become lighter. Occurs itching. Gall bladder distended to the touch, painless.
  4. Violation of digestion of food. In the intestinal lumen is not receiving the necessary amounts of enzymes and bile. As a result, the patient rapidly loses weight. He has a tendency to diarrhoea.
  5. A Feeling of heaviness. Compression of the duodenum cause the patient a feeling of fullness even when small amounts of food eaten. Belching rotten. Sometimes joined by vomiting of food.
  6. Bleeding. If the tumor grows through the wall of the stomach, the patient may experience this symptom. It is characterized by vomiting mushy black mass or stool charcoal black.
  7. Symptoms of hypersplenism. They are used for the compression of a tumor of the splenic vein. The patient developed leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia. It is possible to increase the size of the spleen-splenomegaly.
  8. Signs of diabetes. If destroyed SCS islets of glands, the patient experiences typical symptoms. There is a strong thirst, itching of skin and mucous membranes, dryness of the mouth.
  9. Ascites. This is a late sign of pathology. It indicates metastases in the peritoneum, portal vein.

Any of the symptoms is difficult to name specific to Oncology. Therefore, the discomfort associated with the pancreas – required a reason to go to the doctor.

Diagnostic Methods

Only examination allows to detect the tumor.

the parenchyma of the pancreas

Despite the presence of symptoms (which can indicate another pathology), carried out studies are the following:

  1. Ultrasound. It is a safe and highly informative method. Such a study allows to determine the presence of inflammation, reactive changes of the pancreas. Ultrasonic examination allows to detect the tumor, the size of which exceeds 2 cm in addition, the study gives an idea about the level of echogenicity. The examination determines the condition of such tissue, as the parenchyma of the pancreas. Ultrasound reveals structural changes.
  2. CT. The survey gives a description on the size, location, pathology, involvement of adjacent organs. The study is quite reliable at detecting tumors of 3 cm, However, CT is associated with x-ray irradiation. So frequent it is not recommended.
  3. MRI. The high informativity of the method is combined with less stress on the body.
  4. Biopsy. It is the most reliable diagnosis of cancer. The study takes a section of the tumor, which is carefully studied under the microscope. The fence required material is carried out in two ways. Under ultrasound injected a special needle into a tumor site. Can use the endoscopic method. In the mouth the patient is administered a special thin tube.
  5. Blood. It is found in Oncology the increase of a certain substance. However, this characterization may be a symptoms and other diseases.

The detection in biopsy of cancer cells the diagnosis is considered confirmed. However, to determine the stage of the disease will need additional tests: chest x-ray, ultrasound of the liver.

Treatment

This disease is one of the most difficult sections of Oncology. To this day the doctors can't say how to cure pancreas. Difficulties associated with old age patients. In addition, patients have many concomitant diseases. Another factor complicating treatment is the definition of pathology in the later stages, when the tumor affects the adjacent organs.

The Main treatment is surgery on the pancreas. The consequences of such intervention depends on many factors, chief of which is the stage of the disease.

Apply, depending on the indications and other treatments:

  • Palliative surgery;
  • Radiotherapy;
  • Chemotherapy.

Surgical treatment

The operation is the procedure of will. The patient removed a portion of the breast containing the tumor. In addition to it the same procedure as the exposed part of the stomach, duodenum, gall bladder, lymph nodes that are located close to the pancreas.

how to cure pancreas

The Need for removal of such quantity of organs due to the anatomical location of the gland. The pancreas is closely adjacent to the aforementioned tissues. In this connection, the tumor spreads very rapidly to the surrounding organs. Their removal helps to stop the growth of disease.

Unfortunately, only 10-25% of cancer patients are recommended surgery on the pancreas. The consequences of the surgery will not eliminate the mortality.

In this case, statistics gives the following data, if we talk about patients with the diagnosis "pancreatic cancer":

  1. Without surgery, the average life expectancy of the patient is approximately 6 months.
  2. After surgery this term increases depending on the stage of the disease,up to 1.5-2 years.

Palliative surgery

They allow:

  • To improve the quality of life;
  • To eliminate pain and discomfort;
  • Fight with obstructive jaundice;
  • To restore the patency of the duodenum.

There are several methods that can be performed palliative surgery. Pancreatic cancer, unfortunately, is not removed. However, the quality of life slightly improved.

The main methods are:

  1. Endoscopic stent. In the lumen of a narrowed duct is introduced a tube or wire frame. It dilates the bile the way. Thus restoring the functioning of the duct. Bile freely displayed.
  2. Drain the installation. Sense of operation similar to the previous one. Only the patency of the bile is not restored, and is discharged to the outside – in a specially designed bag.

Pain allow analgesics. With a strong discomfort to the patient assigned drug bezbolevaya:

  • «Promedol».
  • «Martin».
  • «Omnopon».

Additional treatment options

problems with pancreas symptoms

To combat pancreatic cancer patient can treat the following types of radiation therapy:

  • Irradiation by bremsstrahlung;
  • Remote gamma-therapy;
  • Irradiation with fast electrons.

Radiation therapy can be before, after surgery, and sometimes instead of it. The life expectancy of the patient is 12-13 months. If radiation therapy combined with palliative surgery, then the lifetime average is about 16 months.

Chemotherapy is used when it is impossible to have another treatment or to enhance the effect of the undertaken therapy. Unfortunately, such a method allows to achieve only partial regression of the tumor.

Forecast pathology

In most cases the diagnosis is established in advanced stages. The patient have clinical manifestations of such pathology, as a tumor of the pancreas. The prognosis for this disease is unfavorable.

Patients die from rapidly growing intoxication, cachexia, intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice and some other complications.

After surgery five-year survival rate of patients (as evidenced by different authors) is 8-35%.

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Prevention of disease

How to cure pancreas for cancer? Unfortunately, it is rather difficult. And sometimes impossible. Therefore, you should make every effort to avoid disease.

This should respond to simple guidelines:

  1. Stop Smoking.
  2. To Establish the correct power.
  3. To Eliminate the pernicious influence of the external environment (asbestos dust).
  4. Promptly treat diseases of: pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus.
  5. Systematically receive preventive checkups, especially if you have cysts, family history of heredity.

Don't let any chance of pathology to develop in your body. Be healthy!


Article in other languages:

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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/1592-tumor-der-bauchspeicheldr-se-symptome-diagnose-behandlung.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-salud/1597-el-tumor-de-p-ncreas-s-ntomas-diagn-stico-tratamiento.html

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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