The types of disinfection – what you need to know when caring for patients

Under the disinfection refers to the measures taken for the destruction of pathogens of various diseases in our environment and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Disinfection in children's and medical institutions, as well as in the family in case of any outbreak of infection. In contrast to sterilization, which destroyed all of the microorganisms, disinfection involves the elimination of only the pathogenic forms. A synonym of this concept – the disinfection.

Disinfection must undergo all the items that come in contact with the patient – dishes, heating pads, thermometers, household items. In medical institutions disinfect tools, gloves, floors and couches. For tools, having contact with blood, the surface of open wounds or injections disinfection is a pre-processing step prior to sterilization.

Principal disinfection – preventive and focal. They differ in purpose and methods of influence on pathogens, the severity of the threat of infection. In addition, these types of disinfectants vary in time and frequency.

Preventive disinfection on a regular basis in the family, any children's team, as well as medical and children's institutions (schools, kindergartens) to prevent the appearance of infections, i.e., when specific cases may not be. Measures of preventive disinfection, serve as wet cleaning, ventilation, water filtration, boiling, disinfection of wastewater, etc. They are designed to reduce the number of bacteria in the environment.

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Focal disinfection is carried out when there are diseases or suspicion on them. Types of disinfection in this case – current and final. Current disinfection is organized by patients, their relatives, employees of the medical facility or SES and maintained until the patient is a threat of infection to others, i.e., is a bacilli carrier. Final disinfection – a one-time event after isolation or recovery of the patient or his death at home or in the hospital. Its purpose is to prevent the spread of the disease through items that were in contact with the patient. Hold it preferably in the shortest possible time, preferably immediately after the elimination of the source.

The Types of disinfection according to the method effects are one of the two methods – either physical or chemical. Physical method is based on the disinfection of treated surfaces under the influence of physical factors-high temperatures (boiling, annealing, pasteurization, hot water drying), radiant energy (ultraviolet, ionizing and radioactive radiation, currents of high frequencies). Also to this method include mechanical impact-shaking out, knocking out, washing with soap or synthetic means.

Glass, metal items and products made of heat resistant plastic is boiled in distilled water or with the addition of soda. Products with an inner channel (syringes) are washed in boiled chlorinated water.

Chemical disinfection is carried out using an aqueous solution of chemicals. She exposed items of glass, rubber, plastics and metals, resistant to corrosion. Disinfect objects by immersion in the active solution or wipe moistened with cleaning cloth. To obtain the disinfecting solutions often use products that contain chlorine. These include chloramine, chlorhexidine (gibitan or), bleach, sulfohlorantin, disinformation, dichlor-1, hordein. Other disinfectant products are hydrogen peroxide, Amgalan.

There is also a disinfection by means of saturated steam in an autoclave under pressure (so-called steam method). So disinfect latex products, rubber, heat-resistant polymers, as well as glass and metal.