Alveolitis: treatment, causes, symptoms, complications and description

Probably not a secret that dentists are not only children but also some adults. Therefore, decide on a tooth extraction for many is a rather difficult decision. And well, if the process goes smoothly, and after 7-10 days, the wound will heal. But if the hole of the jaw continues to ache and become inflamed, this alveolitis. Treatment in this case should begin without delay, after consulting with a dentist.

What is a disease?

In dentistry alveolitis called the inflammatory process of the jaw holes after surgical removal of the tooth. In an open wound with food constantly fall pathogens that weakened immunity or the violation of elementary norms of hygiene increase their colonies in a comfortable environment. As a result, have an inflammatory process with a strong pain syndrome.

The Treatment of alveolitis after tooth extraction requires three percent of patients, this statistic increases to 20 % if we are talking about pulling wisdom teeth.

Cause of disease

To Ensure a quick healing process of the gums after tooth extraction can not even the most experienced dentist. The reason is that the disease may develop not only in the case of ignoring of expert advice, but also to become a consequence of many other reasons. The most common of these are:

- weak immune system of the patient;

- complicated operation, involving removal of not only the tooth, but part of the bone;

- getting to the moment of operation of various pieces of tooth on the bottom of the wells;

poor quality of postoperative treatment of the wound;

- ignoring the rules of antiseptics in the course of surgery;

- poor blood clotting, which prevents the formation of a clot;

- failure to follow doctor's recommendations on wound care by the patient.

To not require treatment of alveolitis after tooth extraction, should take responsibility for their own health and strictly follow the doctor's advice. This will reduce the risk of disease and promote rapid healing process of the wound.

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Clinical picture

The Inflammatory process usually begins quickly. However, at the first symptoms, such as redness and mild pain, it is better to consult the dentist. After an expert examination will tell whether it develops alveolitis. Treatment the doctor will prescribe anyway, to relieve pain and accelerate the healing of the jaw holes.

Ignoring the primary symptoms of the disease leads to the fact that the next day the inflammatory process extends beyond the wound. In this case, patient feels severe pain in the region, which until recently was the tooth and around it. In addition to congestion and edema, the inflamed part of the gums appear grayish plaque with a specific unpleasant smell. Self-administration of medicines when the disease is in such an acute phase, may be not only useless, but extremely dangerous.

Advanced stage of alveolitis is characterized by a purulent discharge from the wound, a sharp unpleasant smell from the mouth and severe pain. Often, this inflammatory process is accompanied by high fever, enlarged submandibular lymph nodes and General malaise.

Reference to the dentist in the initial symptoms of the disease will prevent further development of the inflammatory process, and to avoid dangerous consequences.

Types of illness: serous alveolitis

The Clinical manifestations of the disease largely depends not only on its stages but also the type. Dental disease is divided into three main types. First - serous alveolitis, treatment of which will not take more than 3-5 days. The disease is characterized by weak continuous pain that increases during drinking and eating. While patients do not mention worsening of health, enlarged lymph nodes and hyperthermia. No treatment after a week leads to the development of purulent process in the jaw hole.

Purulent form of the disease

The Second form of the disease is a purulent alveolitis tooth. Treatment at home using traditional methods in this case may lead to extensive spread of infection. Is characterized by this disease is severe pain in the wound area and around it. On palpation the pain intensifies and may radiate to the temporal area or ear.

Upon inspection of the inflamed area noted a sharp hyperemia and edema of the tissues, white coating on the jaw hole and the surrounding areas, as well as a putrid smell from the mouth. This patient complains of General malaise, fever, enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes in the neck and under the jaw.

Hypertrophic alveolitis

This form of disease develops when the abscess becomes chronic. Most patients note a decrease in pain, improvement of health and disappearance of General symptoms of the inflammatory process. The disease is not already delivers much discomfort, so patients think he retreated. Howeverthis opinion has nothing to do with the truth. The inflammatory process, moving from acute stage to chronic, continues to destroy healthy tissue.

Hypertrophic alveolitis is characterized by an extensive area of spreading of soft tissue infection. Upon inspection of the record discharge of purulent fluid from the wound, as well as hyperemia, swelling and even cyanosis adjacent to the hole zones. Palpation reveals the presence of hollow spaces and sites of dead gum tissue.

The hardest disease occurs in patients with diabetes. The reason for this is that the two diseases are aggravated each other.

Alveolitis lung

In addition to the alveolitis of the tooth, there is the same disease of the lungs. This disease involves the development of the inflammatory process in the alveoli of the lungs, the etiology is different. Modern medicine klassificeret the disease three main types: allergic, toxic and idiopathic. And if the first two reasons is the interaction with the allergen and intoxication, then why is there the last, scientists found out so far.

The Treatment of alveolitis of the lungs is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician at home, treatment in hospital is indicated only if severe forms of the disease.

What is the danger of dental alveolitis?

The Speed of development of the inflammatory process in the jaw hole depends largely on the immune status. And if the body's defenses are weakened, then after a couple of hours after the first symptoms of the disease may go into acute phase. The lack of timely treatment and ignoring the clinical manifestations over a long period can be very dangerous. As a consequence of such carelessness may be the penetration of infection into the deeper layers of soft and bone tissue. As a result, develops an abscess, phlegmon, abscess, osteomyelitis, and even sepsis.

Treatment of disease at an early stage

If the doctor diagnosed alveolitis after treatment of the tooth, he is required to determine the cause of the disease. For this purpose a patient needs to undergo x-rays. According to the obtained snapshot specialist will be able to determine the presence of foreign bodies in the hole and will proceed to their removal.

Initially the patient an injection of lidocaine or another anesthetic. When the anesthetic medicine starts to work, the doctor will perform the treatment of the wells with antiseptic solution. For this often use such medications as “Furatsilin” or “Chlorhexidine”. Next, the dentist with tools will remove a foreign body and will re treatment of the wound.

Dry gauze pad hole applied antiseptic dressing, and the patient is prescribed the system receive pain medication. In some cases, if the patient has alveolitis, treatment may include antibacterial therapy. However, to make a decision on this issue should be exclusively a doctor.

Treatment of neglected forms of alveolitis

If diagnosed purulent or hypertrophic alveolitis, treatment the doctor will start with the relief of pain. To do this, the patient receives anesthetic blockade, clear the hole of pus and remove foreign bodies. Then enter the wound swab with antibacterial drugs that change every 24 hours. This suggests alveolitis after tooth extraction treatment at home, but a daily visit to the dentist is mandatory.

When necrosis of soft tissues doctors use proteoliticheskie enzymes to stop inflammation, and remove dead tissue. After the acute phase of the disease passes, the treatment is complemented with physiotherapy to improve the process of tissue regeneration. The patient in this case can be assigned to a microwave treatment, an infrared laser or ultraviolet radiation.

After treatment of alveolitis doctors recommend taking a fortifying vitamin complexes for recovery.