Sexual development - standards and deviations

The Academy – a phenomenon that occurs everywhere. Accelerated sexual development of teenagers today are concerned about psychologists and physicians. Premature ripening may lead to unintended consequences. Externally, the teenager may seem old enough – these are the anatomical features of puberty in boys and girls. However, high growth or ample Breasts are not a sign of stabilization of a hormonal background and final maturation of the brain. Try to understand as normal is physical and sexual development in children, as well as what you should pay attention to their parents.

What is puberty

In the body each of us has its own biological clock. This abstract concept to explain the timeliness of the growth and development of the organism, the emergence and fading of reflexes, functions. In early infancy, babies suck their thumbs and learning to walk, but after a few years, acquiring a variety of skills, go to school, to explore the world. In women with age wrinkles appear, and the elderly – gray. All these and many other natural changes – a consequence of the normal operation of the endocrine system and the hypothalamus and pituitary. These glands are located in the brain and secrete hormone-like substances that are required to run age of biological processes.

For each of the transitional period is characterized by its own peculiarities. But the greatest stress, the body brings the course of puberty. Changes that occur to the immature child's body does not count, but we'll try to sort through.

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The Development of germ cells and organs in both sexes takes place in three stages. The girls and boys they come:

1. Prepubertal. In boys starts at 8 and ends closer to eleven. The girls starts 1-2 years earlier.
2. Puberty. Age, the occurrence of which children can be considered teenagers, is also different. In boys it occurs in 11-17 years in girls usually ends by the age of 15.
3. Growing up. Mature girls think in the age of 15-18 years. The formation of the boys ends at 19-20 years.

Older boys

Puberty in boys begins with the formation of secondary sexual characteristics, the impetus for which is increase in the body concentration of androgens testicular nature.

The maturation Process of the male reproductive system starts with changing the size of the genitals. First, increasing the longitudinal diameter of each egg, acquires pigmentation and wrinkling the scrotum. The 11th and 12th years of the teenager appears the pubic and axillary body hair. In rare cases, the vegetation in the intimate area occurs before the eggs increase in volume. This is not the norm, such a violation causes excessive androgen production. In medicine this phenomenon is called the accelerated adrenarche.

With the growth of testicular volume penis size becomes larger. First increase its length and diameter. Pigmentation (darkening of the skin) continues to grow.

Around the age of 13-14 years in boys body hair appears on the face, neck, chest. At this age, your genitals may fit adult men, but it is too early to talk about the onset of puberty. To testify shall spermatogenesis. The first ejaculation and wet dreams are coming closer to 16 years. Puberty in boys lasts until 19-20 years old, but fertile, i.e. able to fertilize the ovum of the female, they become early.

Another change, which occurs under the influence of increased secretion of male hormones, is the acquisition of a body characteristic architectonics: an increase in shoulder girdle, bone growth and muscles.

How to change teenage girls

Puberty in girls starts with the emergence of secondary characteristics, and its completion is evidenced by the establishment of a regular menstrual and ovulatory cycle. The first noticeable change is expressed in breast augmentation: under the areola there is a seal of the glandular tissue and the areola area darkens. Growth of the breast is provided by the secretion of estrogen – at the age of 10-11 years, they are produced in sufficient quantity. Often girls scares asymmetry (one breast looks bigger), which only disappears during the formation of the Mature gland.

The Following secondary signs of sexual development in the fairer sex is pubic and axillary hair. Most often, hair growth in armpits says about the approach of menarche-the first menstruation. Despite the fact that the process of formation of sexual characteristics most likely to occur in that order, in approximately 1 % of girls first developed body hair. The wrong course of puberty is caused by an elevated presence in the body of male hormones.

In Parallel with the development of the reproductive system varies architectonic body. In girls, the body mass increase is due to increase mainly of adipose tissue. “Accumulate” in the body, it starts from the age of six. In early puberty, adipose tissue is redistributed and depositedin the hips and pelvis.

Several stages of maturation of boys and girls

So each of the periods of sexual development can be summarized as:

• A Kind of preparation for the upcoming change – prepubertal period. Within 2-3 years the body accumulates enough power to make a big leap in growth and sexual development. Next comes adolescence, with features which have to encounter each person.
• To adolescent (puberty) age is characterized by intensive growth, increased gonads, significant changes in the figure. In both sexes also changed the voice in boys due to mutation it is getting low and deep, the girls – loses its sonority.
• Growing up. Consolidation of acquired sexual characteristics, stunting, beginning of active sexual life and procreation.

Negative symptoms of puberty

In addition, early puberty in girls and boys appear similar health problems. Often teenagers suffer from inflammation of the sebaceous glands, proliferation of acne on the face, back, shoulders, and sometimes the buttocks. Shiny oily skin at the age of 12-16 years is prone to acne. There may be pain in muscles and joints, dizziness and fainting, impaired coordination. The girls can often be a sore chest and abdomen, and before their first periods – much to pull back.

The Complex nature of a teenager

Sexual development in both sexes is accompanied by another important aspect-psychological. On the difficulties of the transition age know parents. Changes in the nature and rebellious demeanor are predominantly hormonal in nature of origin. Clear sign “domestic break-up” triggered by the arrival in the blood of a teenager a large amount of testosterone and estrogen are the mood swings. More sensitive to hormonal changes girls. They can become violent without particular reason and in five minutes – compassionate and tearful.

It is worth noting that such psychic phenomena in adolescents are not treated. To help your child overcome puberty is capable of properly selected diet. To alleviate hormonal “storm” of a teenager, it is important to minimize the daily amount entering the body of calories, except for in the first place fast carbs, chocolate, caffeine, energy drinks and fatty meals. The priority in the diet in favour of foods of animal origin, containing calcium and protein, particularly needed during the period of active growth. Girls, in addition, it is important to fill the shortage of iron. It is contained in beef liver, pomegranate juice, apples, red meat.

If a teenager is hard going through puberty, you should consult a neurologist or psychotherapist. Boys and girls usually recommended to drink vitamins, homeopathic sedatives and adaptogens (Echinacea, Schizandra, succinic acid).

What diseases occur in teenagers

As already mentioned, age-specific development of germ cells and reproductive system in General is not a very favorable period for the body. Teenage growing up – a kind of “trigger” to enhance the number of diseases and pathological conditions. In puberty often acute gastritis, detected by cholecystitis, diabetes. First migraines in most women suffering from this problem, there were just a teenager. Myopia, a decompensation of a congenital, but not timely diagnosed heart disease, scoliosis, flat feet – in children aged 10 to 16 years is enough chances for such manifestations. In severe cases, it develops juvenile schizophrenia or cancer.

On the other hand, active growth during the formation of boys and girls lets many “escalate” asthma, enuresis, adenoids. It happens that the child is weakened or even disappear allergic reactions.

Disorders in the reproductive system

There are specific diseases that are typical only for teenagers. The most common ones:

• Acne-inflammation of sebaceous glands, which manifests a rich prelimi rash. By 17-18 years, as a rule, spontaneously.
• Gynecomastia-breast increase in boys. Found in boys suffering from overweight and lack of testosterone in the body.
• Hirsutism-excessive body hair in girls. The dark fuzz on his upper lip, the hairs around the nipples and along the white line of the abdomen – an occasion to address to the endocrinologist, who will prescribe the tests for hormones and appropriate steroid treatment.
• Menorrhagia-menses that lasts longer than 6 days. For menorrhagia characters profuse discharge. The intensity and duration of menstruation often leads to anemia. During the first year of the cycle can meet metrorrhagia-late menstrual bleeding.

Too early: the causes of acceleration

Speaking about disorders of sexual development, mean two options: a premature ripening and its delay. Sometimes in the internal system of the body, whichdetermines the rhythm of its life fails, and the natural processes come sooner or later than scheduled.

So, acceleration – premature sexual development, which begins in boys under 9 and girls up to 8. At such an early age the body is not ready for puberty changes. In the future, premature sexual development can lead to early extinction of reproductive functions. In addition, the children akseleratov often begin early sexual life which are dangerous to health, especially in the event of an unplanned unwanted pregnancy.

The Pathological causes of acceleration are disturbances in the endocrine system, benign and malignant brain tumors, pituitary, adrenal disease and abnormal gonads. At occurrence of first signs of acceleration you need to contact the doctor. To prevent the early onset of puberty, the doctors recommend parents not to overfeed children to limit the consumption of carbohydrates and to give to the sports section.

Five-year-old mother from the Guinness Book of records

The Most famous case in the history of girls with early puberty is shocking. The Peruvian Lina Medina at the time of his son's birth was only 5 years old and 7 months. Despite the fact that the origin of pregnancy remain unclear, in 1939 her son was born perfectly healthy weighing 2700 g. the doctors who conducted the caesarean section, published a report which noted that menarche Lina came in 2 years and 8 months, to 4 years in her Breasts was almost formed.

Early adulthood cause either natural or pathological causes. Today, many doctors believe that the reason for premature onset of puberty serve hormone supplements in the feed of cattle, the meat of which we eat, the substances secreted from the plastic packaging and plastics. Maturing early is not consistent: for example, the boy may suddenly appear libido and full erection, and only then to develop body hair.

Delay of secondary sexual characteristics

Seen in adolescents and different situation – the delay of sexual development. For this disorder characterized by the absence of secondary sexual characteristics to 14-15 years: the girls don't have vegetation on the body, the chest is almost not developed, and the boy's penis size is not increased. Sometimes this delay in development is considered normal. To panic ahead of time is not necessary, if the teen is asthenic physique. Also the reason for the delay may be suffering a serious disease, anorexia (girls) or professional sport. But if secondary sexual characteristics do not appear by age 16, consult with your doctor just need: you may have the genetic abnormalities.

In the detailed survey need girls with body hair of male type, sformirovavsheisya Breasts and absence of menstruation-these symptoms may be caused by abnormal absence of the uterus with functioning ovaries.

Tips for parents

For the health of the child in the transition to puberty needs to be carefully watched. It is important that the teenager ate properly and rested. Prophylactic each year, it is desirable to pass the laboratory and clinical analyses of urine and blood – this simple test is an effective method of detecting inflammatory processes in the body.

Parents responsible for their kids sexual education. Lessons in the form of explanatory conversations about the rules of hygiene, the dangers of early sexual activity and contraception should be conducted with each teen, as an adult and knowing he himself nor believed.