Malformations of the cardiovascular system in newborns is very difficult due to irregularities in the laying of the organs during fetal development and are accompanied by serious hemodynamic disorders, which, depending on the type and severity of the condition may occur immediately or few hours after birth or after a few years of life. Some congenital heart defects not compatible with life, and in need of immediate surgical intervention. Otherwise, the child may die.
typically, today, heart defect in newborns is determined in utero during gestation in an ultrasound. The parents immediately tell what that means, and what measures will need to take after the birth of the child.
There are many different classifications of malformations of the cardiovascular system in children. Here is one of them.
All the vices are divided into two large groups:
- white (with left-right shunt), with these defects there is no mixing of arterial and venous blood.;
- blue (with right-left shunt), when there is a mixing of arterial blood with venous.
In turn, these groups are subdivided into several other groups. So white defects include defects that are accompanied by overflow with the blood of the pulmonary circulation, ie, the lungs (patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a defect of the interatrial and interventricular septum (ASD, VSD), open atrio-ventricular connection, etc.).
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There is also a heart defect in newborns with the depletion of the systemic circulation, i.e. the whole body, it relates to a fairly common defect is coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of aorta).
Blue defects include congenital malformations of the overflow of the pulmonary circulation, these include transposition of the aorta, complex Eisenmenger, as well as the vices of the robbery of a small circle of blood circulation (tetralogy of Fallot, etc.).
If a heart defect in newborns are not detected during pregnancy, then it is set later according to the clinical manifestations. They can be very diverse, but there are several clinical symptoms that accompany any defect.
Heart disease symptoms
- acute or chronic heart failure, accompanied by odyssice-cyanotic seizures, pallor, marbling or lividity of the skin, which is associated with chronic hypoxia of the child, pallor of nasolabial triangle, the child keeps bad body temperature, etc.
- cardiac symptoms develop a bit later with the growth of the child, they are complaints of pain in the heart, may develop a heart hump (as thorax of the newborn is very pliable), are heard different noises in the heart, research on the changed configuration of the heart and great vessels.
respiratory insufficiency, develops when any kind of defect. It is accompanied by lack of air, the child gasps, breathing heavily, and the breathing frequency is much higher than normal respiratory rate. Sometimes there are soft spots vtjazhenija chest when you inhale.
- later in children with malformations develop chronic hypoxia, which is manifested by the symptom of "drumsticks" on phalanges, the lag in the development of any part of the body or the whole body.
Absolutely always heart defect in newborns, accompanied by heart murmurs, which can hear only an experienced cardiologist, although a gross and obvious noises will listen to any pediatrician. When you go for a checkup with the pediatrician, insist that he listened to heart-at least, not to mention the fact that it is necessary to measure body length, head circumference, respiratory rate, pulse and blood pressure. It is a necessary baseline surveys of the newborn.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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