Turkish saddle of the brain: a functional role in the human body, pathology and diagnosis

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2018-03-28 17:56:07

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Turkish saddle is an anatomical structure located in the base of the skull with his brain hand, where is the master endocrine gland and the most important element of humoral regulation of body functions. In structural terms, the Turkish saddle of the brain as follows: it is localized in the sphenoid bone recess with the back, the sides from which extend two channels of the optic nerve, and on the front of a surface of the optic chiasm. Here is the venous sinus, and enter the cranial cavity the two internal carotid arteries form the main blood pool of the blood supply of the hemispheres.

Anatomical data

Turkish saddle of the brain is located under the hypothalamus, a structural component of the midbrain that synthesize statins and liberine, peptide molecules that transmit a signal to the pituitary gland, which occupies all the space above the recess. Accordingly, the hormones produced by the pituitary gland is divided into 3 shares, which vary by origin in ontogeny. The first fraction is called the neurohypophysis and is from nervous tissue. It pituitary synthesize important hormones for the exchange of water and maintenance of contractile function of the myometrium during childbirth and ducts of mammary glands during lactation. This is vasopressin and oxytocin, respectively.

Second lobes is the anterior pituitary, which regulates the synthesis of hormones by other endocrine glands directly affecting them through tropic hormones. The anterior pituitary receives a signal through hypothalamic statins, inhibiting the release of tropinova, and liberine. It is noteworthy that the Turkish saddle of the brain, for the most part occupied by these two structural elements of the gland, because the third share is much smaller than the other, although the total mass of the pituitary gland was established in the adult at the level of 500 mg. the Third share is an intermediate structure of the gland directly related to the anterior pituitary, but containing a completely different type of cells synthesizing melanocytestimulating hormone that increases the melanin synthesis in specialized cells of the epidermis of the skin.

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The Dominant factor in the development of hormonal deficiency of the pituitary

Notable buildings of the pituitary gland and the membranes of the brain is the presence of the diaphragm Turkish saddle, which actually separates the midbrain to the hypothalamus from the gland. Very often this structure is underdeveloped. This fact established scientist with the last name Busch in 1951, calling the anomaly of an empty Turkish saddle. While emerging empty Turkish saddle is an etiological factor in the development of the whole group of neuroendocrine pathologies.

Diagnostic measures

Turkish saddle of the brain due to the peculiarities of the structure is not amenable to traditional methods of research, because visualization of its contents, carry out radiotherapy methods and means of MRI. X-ray diagnostics - this is the best way to recognize morphological substrate of diseases of the pituitary gland. It includes both a CT scan and an x-ray of the Turkish saddle. The first method is associated with high radiation exposure, however, the most informative, as it provides an opportunity to assess the layered structure of the brain and glands in particular. X-rays also provides a summation of the 2 images in lateral and frontal projections. Also very informative MRI, which is inferior to CT in terms of accuracy, however, does not expose the patient to radiation loads. At the same time these methods of diagnosis of diseases of the pituitary gland can be confirmed as the pathology of the diaphragm seat and the presence of a tumor in the gland.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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