Prevention of tuberculosis – a complex of measures to prevent development of the disease

Prevention of TB includes measures aimed at preventing the spread of the disease. It is divided into social, health, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination.

Social prophylaxis of tuberculosis

This type of prevention includes various government measures aimed at raising the standard of living of the population, environmental protection, development of physical culture and sports.

Families of TB patients are a priority right to housing, in which the patient is allocated a separate room. Treatment in a hospital, sanatorium and dispensary is free. During treatment patients newly diagnosed with TB get a disability sheet a period of ten months.

Sanitation

Sanitary prevention of tuberculosis aimed at preventing the infection of healthy people from patients with the disease. It includes the rehabilitation of foci of infection, sanitary and veterinary surveillance and early detection, isolation and treatment of patients.

The Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis is carried out x-ray examination of the entire population starting from the age of 12.

Vaccination

Vaccination is the prevention of tuberculosis in children. It shall be subject to all newborns, except those who have contraindications. The introduction of the BCG vaccine is contraindicated in conditions, which include:

- fever;

- a traumatic brain injury received during childbirth.

- the weight of a newborn less than 2 kg;

- haemolytic disease of the newborn;

- purulent-septic complications.

Vaccination is carried out for 5-7 days after birth by subcutaneous injection in the upper third of the shoulder of 0.1 ml of tuberculosis vaccine BCG. It contains attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have lost their ability to cause disease, but retained the antigenic quality. At the injection site formed a small pustules, after which the scar remains, indicating the effectiveness of vaccinations.

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The Immune system after the introduction of BCG lasts for seven years. After this period is vaccination, which is required for all non-infected children. Before doing re-vaccination Mantoux test to detect infection with TB. Positive Mantoux test with a wheal of more than 20 mm is a contraindication to performance of re-vaccination.

Contraindications for revaccination of:

earlier transferred tuberculosis or infection;

- a positive or doubtful reaction on Mantoux test;

complications after administration of BCG;

- allergic diseases in the acute stage;

- immunodeficiency States.

Chemoprophylaxis

Prevention of tuberculosis pharmaceutical drugs called chemoprophylaxis, necessary to persons who are in contact with patients, people with high sensitivity to tuberculin, as well as patients with an inactive form of tuberculosis. To this end, using the drug isoniazid 0.3 g twice a day for three months twice a year. To prevent relapse of the disease is prescribed isoniazid in combination with other anti-TB drug in the spring and fall within one to three years after clinical and radiological confirmation of the recovery of the patient.

Conducting chemoprophylaxis allows several times to reduce the risk of developing disease among persons in contact with tuberculosis patients.

Compliance with all the measures of prevention of tuberculosis to prevent the spread of incidence of this dangerous infectious disease, reduces the risk of development of severe forms, accompanied by various complications.