In pharmacology nitrofuran derivatives of are used quite extensively. They are the most relevant in identifying purulent processes and inflammation.
The Most widely in current medical practice uses the following derivative nitrofuran:
All these medicines can be used as local antiseptics, developed forms for oral administration. Drugs-nitrofuran derivatives of approved for use including patients with low tolerance to antimicrobial agents, sulfonamides.
Derivatives of 5-nitrofuran show a pronounced bacteriostatic effect. You can combine these tools with antibiotics following categories:
Nitrofuran Derivatives of are not intended for treatment of persons undergoing therapy with the application:
This is due to increased adverse effects on the hematopoietic system of the body.
Quite often used nitrofuran derivatives of for the treatment of cystitis. This is because the nature of the metabolism of antimicrobial compounds: the function falls on the kidneys in which the drug accumulates. This makes it effective against a broad spectrum of diseases affecting the urinary system. This group of antibiotics are good for a variety of varieties of pyelonephritis.
It is Not necessary to simultaneously apply nitrofuran derivatives of and antiseptics, created with the participation of nalidixic acid, these medication inhibit the action of one another. Specified uroantiseptik a variety of names:
Antiseptic (nitrofuran derivatives of) are usually used three times daily in an amount of 0.1 g. the Duration of this program varies: at least 10 days but not more than two weeks. It is known that in the treatment of Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa invasion efficiency means relatively low, but pronounced effect is observed when Troubleshooting malware coccal flora.
If infection is associated with ingestion of gram-negative microscopic forms of life, it is recommended to use nalidixic acid. The course of treatment lasts 10 to 12 days, the product is used daily dvuhromovo dose. Allowed this method of treatment if required antibacterial treatment bile excretory pathways.
You Can replace the derivatives of 5-nitrofuran to other synthetic medicines that can fight against harmful microflora. Most often used:
In the sale of the groups represented naimenovaniya:
Related to the described group of drugs, these medications have different chemical structure and are fundamentally different composition. However, the effectiveness against the initiators of infection is similar. In many ways, the therapy is justified by the lack of cross-resistance. To resort to these means if the patient has hypersensitivity to the drugs-derivatives of nitrofurane.
To maximize the effectiveness of nitrofuran derivatives of combined with features such as:
The Dosage is the same one chosen for antimicrobial agents. You can also use antibacterial, antimycotic medication “Declin”.
The detection of generalized candidiasis nitrofuran derivatives of laurinovoj enhance the sodium salt, used twice or thrice daily. Alternative – used inside “Amphoglucaminum" parenteral "of Amphotericin b".
A Specific set of drugs the doctor chooses, focusing on the specific features of infection, and the tendency to intolerance of some groups used in medicine means. Not all agents show a sufficient level of sensitivity toderivative of nitrofuran to make a choice in favor of this category have always been reasonable. It is important to consider the toxicity of the drug group and the ability distribution in the tissues of the body, significantly varying depending on the denomination.
Nitrofuran Derivatives of in the General case are characterized by high compatibility with other drugs, but with the passage of the ill treatment necessarily should inform your doctor about all the medicines you are taking for possible programmatic adjustments. Officially recorded all the characteristic of a derivative of nitrofuran allergic reactions, toxic effects. For doctors issued a Handbook detailing how to mitigate the negative results of use.
To apply a derivative of nitrofuran produced in the form of tablets “Furadonin”. There are two ways of dosage: 0.05 g twice. Recommended course duration of 5-8 days. Daily applied three or four times.
"Furazolidone" in some form for oral administration, the dosage-0.05 g Recommended for use with the course lasting from five days to twice that period. Every day take the remedy 4 times.
Is Also a derivative of nitrofuran is the drug “Furagin”. Form-tablets, the dosage is similar to that described above – 0.05 g. Duration of treatment, frequency of administration per day is also the same.
Finally, “Solapur”. In the pharmacies you can buy vials with a concentration of active substance in the solution is 0.1%. The volume of one of the ampules varies from 25 to 100 ml the Preparation is intended for use through the drip, duration of the course – up to seven injections (but not less than five), single volume – 300-500 ml. Recommended to put a dropper a day or every day.
All of these drugs belong to the category of broad spectrum of efficacy, excreted in the urine at the same time disinfect the ways in which the tool leaves the body. It is known that intake of such medicines can provoke dyspepsia, allergic. One of the important advantages – a very slow acquisition of microflora stability to all derivative of nitrofuran. In addition to the antiseptic, these drugs are chemotherapeutic properties.
Briefly, the mechanism of action of derivatives of nitrofurane can be described as follows: the active substance inhibits the enzymes responsible for cyclic tricarboxylic acids, simultaneously there is a blocking NADH. In the cell of a microbe equally blocked and aerobic oxidation processes involving carbohydrate compounds, and anaerobic. At low concentrations of the drug in the body see bacteriostatic effect. The increase in dose yields a bactericidal effect.
Indications derived nitrofuran in dental practice:
The Group of antimicrobial agents effectively used in the treatment of not only cavities, but they provoked complications. This category of drugs is used, if it is assumed vitality of microscopic forms of life to the sulfonamides, other antibiotic compounds.
Dentists nitrofuran derivatives of are used for disinfection of oral mucosa, pockets caused by periodontal disease, cavities, provoked by caries. Necessary, such processing upon detection of wounds, infectious lesions. The product is used externally in the form of a solution with a concentration of active ingredient is 0.02%.
For external use of nitrofuran derivatives of can provoke a negative reaction, but in practice there is a vanishingly small percentage of the time. There is a possibility of allergies. The detection sensitivity of the patient to the specific medication from the group of derivatives of nitrofurane to use this class of drugs is impossible.
Equipment represented not only solutions, tablets, and ointment with a concentration of active substance is 0.2%. All products intended for storage in the place protected from sunlight and the effect of high temperatures. The aqueous solution derived nitrofuran retains its antiseptic qualities for a very long time period.
Currently, the problem of counterfeit medicines is very urgent, it concerns including popular antimicrobial compounds. To identify the authenticity necessary to make a number of reactions, following the results. Well-known classical results for a specified group atinteraction with different reagents. For individual drugs, there are also specific methods of identifying quality.
To prove the authenticity of the derivatives of 5-nitrofuran determine the result of the reaction with alkali solution. This method belongs to the General group and is considered basic. Typically, the mixture is colored in red, a few at least – red with orange tint color. In nature, the color intensity is determined by the substituents present in the furan nucleus. It is known that a number of drugs to give a change of tone only at very high alkaline indicator, others may show a reaction when the temperature increases, and others – decrease.
Alternative group-wide campaign – a chemical reaction involving lye, which should lead to the release of ammonia. To do this, raise the temperature and apply the zinc dust, processing her samples of drugs.
The Most widely applicable method – create a solution of water with heavy metal salts. Complex compound have specific color, which changes during the passage of the reaction. Furatsilin when combined with ten percent copper sulfate solution gives a dark red precipitate, furadonin would manifest itself as a loss of brown and furazolidone – green.
Can be used to identify the authenticity of alkaline alcoholic solutions created with organic solvents (allowed quite a range of compounds). The most common solvents are:
All of the nitrofuran derivatives of such substances dissolve quickly and well, and the hue changing for each drug individually. The color saturation and the rate of reaction depend on the concentration of alkaline compounds, check of the drug.
Currently, the classification of derivative nitrofuran based on the effectiveness of these funds, highlight the well and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract drugs, and combined, in which components on the basis of nitrofuran included as one element of a complex system. But it was not always. The first developments of synthetic nature, as we know from the official documentation came in the nineteenth century, when organic chemistry was still better but only in the second half of the last century managed to develop the idea to such an extent that it became possible to create effective products. In many ways, this contributed to the theory of Butlerov on the basis of which was able to formulate heterocycles with five elements. At this point, there are all preconditions for working with uranovimi connections.
Officially the first time a successful synthesis of compounds of the furan recorded in 1818, when the work was done over protective mucosal acid. A side reaction product in liquid form has been received, recorded, but not investigated, therefore the opening of the furan at the time did not take place – mankind has waited for more than half a century. In 1832 Dobereiner quite accidentally discovered furfural, trying using sugar and starch to produce formic acid. In the reaction participated manganese dioxide, sulfuric acid. In 1840 furfural opened again. This time, the reaction was performed over oatmeal, which is treated the same with sulfuric acid. The second attempt of selection of that substance possible to obtain sufficient volumes to be able to start research, and it was then, Stenhouse formulated empirical formula, and was also able to detect the key properties for chemists of new substances.
In 1845 the furfural formally derived from bran, for a new connection is fixed, the name used at the moment. It is derived from the Latin words "bran”, “oil” and is intended to reflect method of manufacture, the appearance properties. Furfural – word, from whom the term "furan", ‘furfuran” and other derivatives.
Chemists have continued experiments designed to identify what can produce a new connection. It was possible to make in laboratory conditions, aldehyde derivatives, with the participation of ammonia. They got the names “purpurin”, “performed”. In 1870, scientists are once again repeated the experience of 1818, which allowed us to open the furan. Even after seven years, Bayer has developed its cyclic formula of furan.
Furan is a powder is formed which is colorless crystals. Melts when heated to 85 degrees Celsius, boils at 32 degrees. It is evident aldofo when interacting with sulfuric acid in high concentration is observed in the polymerization reactions. If acid is used in diluted form, a furan ring is cleaved, resulting in the formation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. The substance peculiar propensity for electrophilic substitution. Experiments have shown that in such reactions furan is entering even easier and simpler than benzene.
The Production of furan at present – synthesizing, based on the furfural. This compound can be obtained from rather affordable products – waste agricultural activity. Classic source – sunflower husks or cobs of corn.
Normal derivativesnitrofurana – powders created elements crystals. They have no taste, or slightly bitter with the taste. Shades of yellow are determined by the specifics of the side chain. Some compounds have a bright yellow or even orange and the other painted in brown mixed with yellow. Mainly in water are dissolved badly, but to increase this ability can be by heating of the mixture.
It is Known that the nitrofuran derivatives of soluble in alcohol. You can use a number of other organic substances, including dimethyl formamide, propylene glycol. For drugs characterized by a heightened sensitivity to sunlight, so daylight you need to hide even water, alcohol (and other) solutions of the drugs. Extremely negative impact observed by ultraviolet radiation – the molecule is almost instantly destroyed. This imposes constraints on storage: use strictly dark glass containers.
This drug can be safely counted among the most popular in our time derivative of nitrofuran. This is largely due to the possibility of combination with other antimicrobial drugs. The tool shows a pronounced effect in invasions:
Active substance causes irreparable damage to the protein of bacteria, which can be DNA molecules, violations of respiratory processes. Under the influence of such a reaction the microbe that triggered the infection, may not produce the same amount of toxins as a healthy cell that quickly leads to improvement in health. Doctors pay attention: it is unacceptable to stop treatment earlier than recommended by the doctor completes the course, as wellbeing is not an indicator of elimination of pathogenic organisms.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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