Diabetes is a... Diagnosis, risk factors, causes, treatment

Diabetes mellitus – is a serious disease that can suffer as adults and children. It causes dysfunction of the pancreas, resulting in elevated blood sugar. This leads to serious complications, many of which are not compatible with life.

Diabetes: definition

First, let's look at some of the terms. What is diabetes? This disease, which is accompanied by violation of water-salt and mineral metabolism, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the body. This imbalance occurs because of malfunctioning of the pancreas, which for any reason ceases to fully develop the hormone insulin. This hormone is responsible for level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes – it is a hereditary or acquired disease. Has a chronic character. To late to cure it, doctors are trying to stop the disease and to minimize possible complications.

How dangerous is diabetes?

A person with diabetes, glucose in the blood is increased and insulin lowered. In severe cases sugar is also determined in the urine. This may lead to sores, atherosclerosis, hypertension, affects the kidneys, Central nervous system, eye drops. As you can see, diabetes – this is a dangerous disease. Therefore, you should not let him slide.

Cause of disease

Doctors there are such risk factors of diabetes:

• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Stress.
• Depression.
• Overweight.
• Lack of Sleep.
• Improper diet.
• The Abuse of sweet drinks.
• Hypertension.
• Heredity.
• Race.

All of these risk factors of diabetes can lead to deterioration of the patient. It is therefore important to respect the day, eat right, avoid stress, engage in physical therapy. It is important to remember that diabetes-is not a sentence. Timely treatment can help.

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Doctors

Patients naturally ask: "What to do with diabetes?" To answer this question requires a little deeper into the subject.

Distinguish between diabetes 1 and 2 types. In the first type of person becomes completely insulin dependent, while the second – no. Treatment of type 2 diabetes consists of low carbohydrate diets, physical therapy, and pills that increase insulin sensitivity. In some cases direct injections of the insulin.

What should I watch for

Doctors warn that it is necessary to try to prevent complications of diabetes 2 type. This disease can cause the development of ailments such as hyperglycemia, gipoglikemiya, neuropathy, ophthalmopathy, arthropathy, among which should be mentioned diabetic angiopathy. That is the real danger diabetes! It numerous comorbidities can exacerbate the patient's condition. Complications of diabetes type 2 – not a sentence in the case of timely diagnostics and treatment.

Diabetic angiopathy-a dangerous disease that occurs as a complication in people with diabetes of the first or second type. If a person is sick for more than 5 years, then most likely, diabetic angiopathy started to develop. So you need to think about treatment and not about prevention.

This complication is manifested in the gradual violation of patency of the arterial vessels. Based on the location of the affected vessel, it is possible to speak about failures in the following:

• Kidneys;
• Heart;
• Eyes;
• Brain.

Causes of diabetic angiopathy

The Main cause of this disease is a devastating impact of high level of sugar, which destroys the walls of capillaries, veins, arteries. The walls can be deformed, to thin or thicken, which prevents normal metabolism and blood flow in General. Such destruction lead to hypoxia (lack of oxygen in the body) tissue and lesion of the internal organs of the patient.

Types and symptoms of diabetic angiopathy

In medicine there are 2 types of the disease:

• Macroangiopathy – a disease that affects the arteries and veins;
• TMA – a disease that affects the capillaries.

There is a perception that the use of insulin protects from the occurrence of angiopathy, which in 80% of cases result in death or disability of the patient. But it is not.

The Symptoms of vascular lesions of macro - and microangiopathy are different and have several stages of development.

Stages of development of macroangiopathy:

• Stage 1 – the patient begins to tire quickly, experience stiffness in the movements, the toes can go numb, and the nails thicken. Sweaty feet and always cold. Perhaps the development of alternating claudication (intervals can reach up to 1 km).
• Stage 2A – the patient complains of numbness in my feet and legs start to freeze even in the summer. The skin of the extremities pale, andalternating lameness is starting to occur in smaller intervals – 200-500 m.
• 2B stage – the symptoms remain the same, but alternating lameness begins to occur in smaller intervals – 50-200 m.
• 3A-stage-symptoms begin to worsen, is added pain in the legs, which greatly worries the night. The skin becomes pale, and toes begin to take on a bluish color, very long standing or sitting. The skin begins to peel and dry out, alternating lameness begins to occur at a distance of 50 m
• 3b stage – the pain syndrome begins to be continuous, and the lower limbs badly swollen. A huge probability of occurrence of ulcers, which could lead to tissue necrosis.
• Stage 4 – necrosis of the fingers or feet accompanied by weakness, high temperature (occurring infectious focus in the body).

The Development of microangiopathy is characterized by 6 degrees

• 0 degree – complaints from the patient are observed. To identify the disease can only be a doctor.
• 1 – patient complains on the pale skin of the legs and a sensation of cold. May cause minor sores, which is not accompanied by pain or fever.
• Stage 2 – ulcers begin to affect the bones, muscles and severe pain.
• Grade 3 – the bottom and edges of ulcers are black in color, which indicates necrosis. Areas affected by the ulcers begin to swell and blush. There is a greater likelihood of developing inflammation of bone marrow and tissue (osteomyelitis), abscesses and purulent skin diseases (abscesses).
• 4 degree-necrosis of the fingers or other parts of the foot.
• 5 degree – necrosis extends to the entire foot, leading to immediate amputation of the limb.

Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic angiopathy

The Symptoms and complaints of the patient are not sufficient grounds for preliminary diagnosis. So the doctor writes the appointment to conduct the following diagnostic procedures:

1. Tests to determine the level of sugar in the blood and urine.
2. Angiography-x-ray method of examination of blood vessels using contrast agents.
3. Doppler scanning-ultrasound of the blood vessels using a Doppler sensor, which shows the flow of blood through the vessels.
4. Definition of pulsation in the blood vessels.
5. Videocapillaroscopy.

Timely diagnosis and subsequent treatment can prevent the development of gangrene and amputation of limbs. Diabetic angiopathy develops over several years. Failure to follow all recommendations of a physician, there is a huge probability of receiving disability and even death.

Now there are several methods developed to treat this disease. The standard treatment includes the appointment of statins and antioxidants. For example, "Simvastatin" or "Atorvastatin" and vitamin E. also Important is the restoration of proper metabolism in the tissues. To do this, the doctor may prescribe "Mildronate", "Thiotriazolin" or "Trimetazidine". Also important is the assignment of biogenic stimulators (fibs, aloe) and angioprotectors ("Parmidin", "Dicynone" or "Enginen"). Your doctor may prescribe "Heparin", "Clopidogrel" or "Cardiomagnyl", which thin the blood and prevent blood clots and plaques.

If the diagnosis was carried out on time, and the disease was detected early, patients assigned to exercise therapy (exercise burgher and a short walk).