Where leukocytes are formed in humans?

Our body is an amazing thing. He is able to produce all the necessary substances to cope with many viruses and bacteria, finally, to provide us a normal life.

Where it produces the white blood cells in humans?

The human Blood consists of formed elements and plasma. Leukocytes are one of these formed elements along with erythrocytes and platelets. They are colorless, have a nucleus and can move independently. To see under the microscope only after pre-coloring. Of the organs included in the immune system where white blood cells are formed, they leave the bloodstream and tissues of the body. They are also free to move out of the vessels into the adjacent tissues.

Move the white blood cells in the following way. Fixed on the vessel wall, leukocyte forms a psevdopodiû (Mononoke), which pushes through the wall and it clings for the fabric on the outside. Then squeezed through the crack and actively moves among the other cells of the body, leading “settled” lifestyle. Their movement resembles the movement of an amoeba (a microscopic single-celled organism is a simple).

Main functions of white blood cells

Despite the similarity of leukocytes amoebas, they perform complex functions. Their main task is to protect the body from various viruses and bacteria, destroy cancer cells. The white blood cells chase bacteria, envelop and destroy them. This process is called phagocytosis, which translated from Latin means "devouring something cells." To destroy the virus more difficult. When the disease viruses dwell inside the cells of the human body. Therefore, in order to reach them, the white blood cells needed to destroy cells with viruses. Malignant cells the white blood cells are also destroyed.

Where the formation of leukocytes and how I live?

In the performance of their functions a white blood cells die, so the body constantly reproduces them. Leukocytes are formed in the organs included in the immune system: the thymus gland (the thymus gland), bone marrow, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and lymphoid formations gut (Peyer's patches). These organs are located in different areas of the body. The bone marrow is also the site where the formation of white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells. It is believed that white blood cells live for about 12 days. However, part of them dies very quickly what happens when they fight with a large number of aggressive bacteria. Dead leukocytes can be seen, if there is pus, which is their accumulation. To replace them from organs related to the immune system, where it produces white blood cells come new cells and continue to destroy the bacteria.

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Along with this, among T-lymphocytes have immunologic memory cells that live for decades. Was found lymphocytes, for example, with the monster, as the Ebola virus, – he will remember it for a lifetime. At the second meeting with infected lymphocytes are transformed into large lymphoblasts that have the ability to multiply rapidly. Then they turn into lymphocytes-the killer (killer cells) which cover the access in the body to a friend deadly virus. This indicates existing immunity to this disease.

How do white blood cells learn about introduction into the body of the virus?

In the cells of every human being has the interferon system, which is part of innate immunity. With the introduction of the virus into the body induces the production of interferon – protein substances that protect not yet infected cell from penetration of viruses. Simultaneously, interferon activates lymphocytes-killers, is one of the varieties of leucocytes. From the bone marrow, where white blood cells are formed, they are sent to infected cells and destroy them. However, some viruses and their fragments fall out from the destroyed cells. Fallen viruses try to penetrate in the infected cells, but interferon protects these cells from their implementation. Viruses outside of cells are not viable and die quickly.

Fight viruses with the interferon system

In the course of evolution viruses have learned to suppress the interferon system, which is too dangerous. Strong overwhelming effect on her possess the flu virus. Even more depressing this system the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, all records beat the Ebola virus, which practically blocks the interferon system, leaving the body virtually defenseless against a huge number of viruses and bacteria. From the spleen, lymph nodes and other organs related to the immune system, where the formation of white blood cells are new cells. But, not having received the signal about the destruction of the virus, they do nothing. The human body starts to decay alive, produced a lot of toxic substances, broken blood vessels, and people bleeding. Death occurs usually in the second week of the disease.

Occurs when the immune system?

If the person is ill or those sick and recovered, then it is formedresistant acquired immunity is provided by leukocytes groups of T-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes. These leukocytes are formed in bone marrow from progenitor cells. Acquired immunity develops after vaccination. These lymphocytes are well aware of the virus, which has been in the body, so their murderous action is purposeful. The virus is almost unable to overcome this powerful barrier.

How lymphocytes-killer cells kill the cells?

Before you kill the cell, it is necessary to find her. Lymphocytes-killers constantly searching for these cells. They focus on the so-called the histocompatibility antigens (antigens of tissue compatibility), located on cell membranes. The fact is that if the cell got a virus, this cell to save the organism dooms itself to death and as it throws "black flag" indicating the introduction into it of the virus. This "black flag" is introduced the virus, which is a group of molecules located close to the histocompatibility antigens. This information “sees” lymphocyte-killer. This ability he gains after the training in the thymus. Control over learning outcomes is very hard. If the lymphocyte has not learned to distinguish healthy cells from the patient, he will inevitably be destroyed. With this simple approach survives only about 2% of lymphocytes-killer cells, which then leave the thymus gland to protect the body from dangerous cells. When the lymphocyte makes sure that the cell is infected, he makes her "lethal injection", and the cell dies.

Thus, the leukocytes play a huge role in protecting the body from disease agents and malignant cells. This is a small tireless warriors of the basic defenses – of interferon system and the immune system. They are dying EN masse in the fight, but from the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, tonsils and other organs of the immune system where white blood cells are formed in humans, to replace them that leaves a lot of newly formed cells, ready, like their predecessors, to sacrifice his life for the salvation of the human body. The white blood cells ensure our survival in the external environment, filled with a huge number of different bacteria and viruses.