Decompensated diabetes mellitus - what is it? Symptoms and complications

Many people are faced with the same diagnosis as decompensated diabetes mellitus. What is it? How dangerous is this form of the disease? Are there any effective treatments? Is it possible to warn a beginning decompensation? The answers to these questions are important to many.

Compensated and decompensated diabetes mellitus: what is the difference?

To start is to understand basic information. Today, many people are faced with a problem like asthma diabetes. What is it?

If we are talking about a compensated form of the disease, then it implies that the level of glucose in the blood of the patient is quite normal. This indicator is able to maintain with the help of medication (including insulin), proper diet, rest and sleep.

But for one reason or another, the disease may be complicated. This files most often recorded decompensated diabetes mellitus type 2, although such flow is possible and for insulin-dependent form of the disease (type 1).

What are the important indicators of the degree of compensation?

In the diagnostic process of this disease taking into account several factors.

• Blood sugar Level is the most important indicator. Blood for research take on an empty stomach. Normally, the result should range from 3.3 to 3.5 mmol/L.
• Carry out a blood test on gluconolactate. Two hours before donating blood the patient takes the glucose solution. Normally, this figure should not exceed 7.7 mmol/L.
• It is Important to determine the amount of glycated hemoglobin. During the analysis, you can determine the proportion of hemoglobin molecules that have already joined the Union with glucose, the total amount of hemoglobin. In healthy people, this figure ranges from 3-6 %.
• The analysis of urine for sugar level. Normally glucose is not excreted in urine. The acceptable range for diabetics — 8.9 mmol/L.
• It is Important to determine the amount of cholesterol low-density. In healthy people the rate is less than 4 mmol/L.
• In the process of diagnosis and measured blood pressure, because diabetes primarily affects the condition of blood vessels. As the exacerbation of the processes of decompensation blood pressure increases. It will be recalled that normally, this figure should not exceed 140/90 mm Hg. article.
• Determine the level of triglycerides in the blood, it is possible to calculate the probability of vascular complications in a patient.
• An Important part of diagnosis is the determination of the mass index, which normally should not exceed 24-25. Patients with diabetes mellitus (especially if we are talking about the disease the second type) often suffer from varying degrees of obesity.

Main causes of decompensation

You already know what factors to pay attention diagnosing decompensated diabetes and what it is. But that can provoke decompensation?

As evidenced by the reviews, the causes are unique in each case. Doctors have identified the following risk factors:

• Improper diet, overeating, eating foods that are prohibited in diabetes;
• Properly structured treatment plan, unauthorized use of a patient nutritional Supplements instead of prescription medications;
• Selection of the wrong insulin dose;
• Refusal of insulin treatment;
• Infectious diseases, which are accompanied by dehydration;
• Constant stress, emotional stress.

Decompensated diabetes: symptoms

Unfortunately, many people face a similar diagnosis. What do you mean “decompensated diabetes"? What are the symptoms accompanied by this disease process? The clinical picture has several features:

• There is a sharp weight loss;
• Patients complain of fatigue, constant weakness and sleepiness;
• Frequent urge to urinate;
• Characteristic symptom of diabetes is dry mouth and excessive thirst;
• It is sometimes possible dysfunction of the visual analyzers.

If you experience these symptoms, do not delay — you need to consult a doctor-endocrinologist. Extremely important in this situation is the continuous monitoring of glucose levels in the blood.

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The potential complications of acute decompensation development

How dangerous is decompensated diabetes? Complications are possible, and the list of them is large enough. Acute decompensation is dangerous as it is developing at lightning speed — complications develop within a few hours, and sometimes minutes.

• Hypoglycemia. This condition is accompanied by a sharp decline in blood sugar levels. Patients feel very fatigued. There is a feeling of severe hunger.
• Hyperglycemia. a Sharp increase in glucose, which is very dangerous as it can lead to a coma.
• Ketoacidosis. This condition is accompanied by a sharp increase in the concentration of sugar. Violation of the metabolism leads to the formation of ketonebodies that are toxic to the body.
• Glucosuria. Glucose begins to stand out along with urine.
• Diabetic coma. During diabetes the level of insulin decreases along with the increase of sugar level. However, tissue, particularly the structure of the nervous system is not able to utilize glucose. The result is a coma.

The consequences of chronic decompensated diabetes

Chronic decompensated diabetes is extremely dangerous. Continuous improvement of the level of glucose in the blood affects the condition of blood vessels, nerve endings and organs of vision. There are a number of dangerous complications, which can lead to chronic process of decompensation.

• Nephropathy — abnormal kidney disease, which is associated with increased pressure inside the organs and permanent hyperglycemia. As evidenced by reviews in most cases, the disease leads to disability.
• TMA — is accompanied by damage to small blood vessels.
• Diabetic retinopathy is a severe form of microangiopathy. The disease is associated with damage to small blood vessels in the retina, which often leads to complete loss of vision.
• Disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease.

What to do? Is there effective treatment?

Decompensated form of diabetes is extremely dangerous. The level of insulin and glucose levels in blood is practically impossible to control with medication. Therefore, the treatment in this case is to remove the symptoms and complications. The patient needs constant supervision. It is important to monitor heart function, sugar level in the body to functioning of the kidneys, etc.

Prevention activities

You already know about why developing decompensated diabetes, what it is and what complications can result. Of course, such a condition is dangerous and not always amenable to medical treatment. That is why it is much easier to prevent the development of decompensation. You only need to follow a few simple rules.

• Patients with diabetes is recommended to abandon spicy, starchy and salty foods, and from food containing glucose.
• It is Not necessary to enter into the diet of fried foods. Doctors advise to cook steamed or in the oven — so it is much more useful.
• You Should pay attention to diet — it is better to eat often but in small portions.
• We Need to monitor the balance of consumed and spent calories.
• An Important part of life of the patient with diabetes is physical activity. Of course, we are talking about possible lessons, whether it sports, swimming or just a walk in the Park.
• Specialists recommend to follow the correct mode of work and rest, as fatigue affects the hormonal and blood sugar levels.
• We Should think about yoga and meditation, as it helps to better cope with stress.

Of Course, diabetics have to monitor the sugar level in the blood. When any changes and deterioration of health should consult the doctor. The earlier the stage of decompensation is detected, the more chances to prevent the development of certain complications.