What is in the brain: structure

In the human body the brain is probably one of the most mysterious and incomprehensible bodies. So, about the mechanism of mental activity, scientists still argue. Today we will try to systematize their findings. Also consider what is in the brain, what are its functions and what are the most common disease of this organ.

Overall structure

The Brain's way of protecting the solid skull. Her body is more than 90% of the space. The weight of the brain in men and women are different. The average is 1375 grams men, 1275 grams — weak. Newborn brain weight is 10% of the whole body, and adults - only 2-2,5%. The structure body includes hemispheres, the trunk and the cerebellum.

What is the brain? Science identifies the following divisions of this organ:

• Perednii;
• Zadni;
• Prodolgovataya;
• Sredni;
• Promezhutochny.

Consider these areas in more detail. From the spinal cord originates oblong. It includes white matter (conductive channels) and grey (core nerves). Behind it is an varolii bridge. This is the pin from the transverse fibres of nerves and gray matter. Here is the main artery. It starts at a point located above the oblong. Gradually it enters the cerebellum consists of two hemispheres. He is mutually connected with the elongated bridge, midbrain and cerebellum.

In the middle compartment there are a pair of visual and auditory hillocks. They depart from the nerve fibers that connect the brain and spinal cord. Between the big hemispheres of a marked deep cleft inside of which — the corpus callosum. It connects these two major departments. Hemisphere covered with bark. This is exactly thinking.

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What is the brain? He has three shell:

1. Solid — that the periosteum of the inner surface, where most of the pain receptors.
2. Spider — closely adjacent to the cortex, but not lining the gyrus. Between her and the hard shell — serous fluid. Next is the spinal, and then the bark itself.
3. Soft — consists of a system of blood vessels and connective tissue that feed the brain and in contact with the entire surface.

Tasks

The Brain processes information that comes from each of the receptors, regulates the movement and engaged the thought process. In each of the departments coming back to work. For example, in the medulla are nerve centres, which provide normal functioning of protective reflex mechanisms such as coughing, blinking, sneezing and vomiting. Its function is also breathing, swallowing, secretion of saliva and gastric juice.

Varoliev bridge provides movement of the eyeballs and the muscles of facial expression. The cerebellum regulates coordination and coherence of motion. And the average brain implements regulatory activities regarding the severity of hearing and vision. Through his work, the pupils, for example, can expand and narrow. That is, it depends on the tone of the eye muscles. It also includes nerve centers, responsible for orientation in space.

But what is the brain in between? Allocate some of its sections:

• The Thalamus. It is also called a switch, as there are processed and formed on the basis of sensations of pain, temperature, muscular, auditory, and other receptors. Thanks to this centre, changing States of wakefulness and sleep.
• The Hypothalamus. It controls heart rate, blood pressure and bodily temperature regulation. Responsible for emotional state, because from here there is an influence on the endocrine system to produce hormones to cope with stress. Regulates the sense of thirst, hunger and satiety, pleasure and sexuality.
• The Pituitary gland. There produces hormones at puberty, development and activities.
• Epithalamus. It consists of the pineal gland by which are regulated by circadian rhythms, ensures healthy sleep and normal activity by day, adaptability to different conditions. He has the ability to feel the vibrations of light waves, even through the box of the skull, allocating a particular amount of hormones.

Responsible For what brain?

In the right stores all the information about the world and comprehensive interactions man. It is responsible for the activity of his right limbs. In the left you monitor the work of speech organs. Here occurs the analytical, abstract reasoning and computation. This side provided by monitoring the left limb.

We should say about such entities as the ventricles of the brain. They represent cavities that are lined with ependyma. They are created from the cavity of the neural tube in the form of bubbles that transformirovalsya in the ventricles of the brain. Their main feature – production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The departments consist of a pair of lateral, third and fourth. Hemisphere divided into 4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital.

Frontal lobe

This part is like the Navigator on the ship. It is responsible for the stay of the human body in an upright position. Here are formed the activity, independence, initiative and curiosity. Can also be generated and critical self-evaluation. In short, the slightest violation occurring in the frontal lobe, leading to inadequate human behavior, mindless behavior, depression and various mood swings. Managing behavior occurs because of it. Therefore, the work control center, also located here, prevents inappropriate and antisocial behavior. The frontal lobe is important for intellectual development. It also acquired some of the skills that can be brought to perfection.

Temporal lobe

Here — the repository of long-term memory. In the left accumulate specific names, objects, events and relationships, and the right-eye images. Temporal lobes recognize it. In this case the left part deciphers the meaning, and the right — creates understanding and, in accordance with this expression pattern, showing the mood and perception of others.

Parietal lobe

Perceived pain, cold or heat. Parietal fraction consists of two parts: right and left. As well as the other compartments of the body, they are functionally different. Thus, the left synthesizes fragments, joins them, making people able to read and write. Here to digest certain algorithms to achieve one or another result. Right parietal share converts all information that enters from the occipital parts, and creates a three-dimensional picture. It provides spatial orientation, is determined by the distance and the like.

The Occipital lobe

Its perceived visual information. We see the objects around as the stimuli, reflecting the light from the retina. Via light signals are converted to the color information, the movements of the objects. Arise three-dimensional images.

Diseases

The Area subject to a considerable number of diseases. Among the most dangerous are:

• Tumors
• Viruses;
• Diseases of the blood vessels;
• Neurodegenerative diseases.

Take a closer look. Brain tumors can be very diverse. And, as in other parts of the body, they are both benign and malignant. Appear these formations due to a failure in the reproductive functions of the cells. The control is broken. And they begin to multiply greatly. Among the symptoms stands out the feeling of nausea, pain, seizures, loss of consciousness, hallucinations and blurred vision.

To viral diseases include such ailments:

1. Encephalitis. In humans, consciousness is confused. He feels sleepy, there is a risk to fall into a coma.
2. Viral meningitis. Felt headache. There is a high fever, vomiting and General weakness.
3. Encephalomyelitis. The patient dizzy, disturbed motility, increasing temperature may occur vomiting.

The emergence of a number of diseases constricts blood vessels of the brain. There is protrusion of their walls, destruction and so on. This may disrupt memory, feel dizzy, feel pain. The circulation of the brain does not function at high blood pressure, aneurysm rupture, myocardial infarction and so on. And because of neurodegenerative diseases, for example diseases of Spotlight, the Huntington's or Alzheimer's, impaired memory, loss of reason, felt the tremor in the limbs, pain, cramps and spasms.

Conclusion

Such is the mysterious structure of our body. It is known that man uses only a tiny fraction of the opportunities that can be realized through this body. Perhaps someday mankind will be able to reach their potential is much wider than it is today. And while scientists are trying to learn about his activities more interesting facts. Although, by the way, these attempts so far remain...