Acute allergic reaction: causes, symptoms, classification and treatment

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2018-03-18 21:56:19

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Severe allergic reaction - is a pathology that manifests itself subject to the effects of external stimuli on the human body, thereby causing hypersensitivity. May place in light and heavy form.

Allergy

Causes

The Cause of allergic reactions on the skin is increased sensitivity (hypersensitivity) of the immune system to foreign substances-stimuli. Such substances are called allergens (antigens), Stimuli of this type are:

  1. Poisons wasps, bees.
  2. The Pollen of various species of plants and flowers, and dust.
  3. The food Products (dairy products, eggs, various nuts).
  4. Medications (antibiotics, diagnostic preparations, antipyretics).
  5. The Fur of Pets (especially the cat).

Once in the body, the agent affects the cells associated with the antibody classes of immunoglobulins. As a result, they secrete a substance that causes damage to the tissues of the body. It is also worth noting that acute allergic reaction occurs due to failure of the immune functions of the body. The inability of the immune system to an adequate response to stimuli leads to the release of histamine. It becomes the cause of itching, inflammation, swelling.

Types

There are two types of allergic reactions that vary in their expression:

  • Light. this seasonal rhinitis and conjunctivitis, urticaria.
  • Heavy. Among them anaphylactic shock, generalized urticaria, acute stenosis of the larynx and other.
    foods that cause allergies

Symptoms

For each kind of allergic reactions characteristic of the individual symptoms.

  • Angioedema manifest on the face, hands, scrotum, scalp of the patient's head, throat, stomach, intestines.
  • In the open areas of the skin appears as a swelling of the tumor in the throat causing choking, coughing, hoarseness.
  • For the formations in the stomach or the intestine characterized by vomiting, cramps in the intestines, vomiting.
  • Anaphylactic shock is manifested by drop of pressure and stuffy ears (by the reaction of moderate severity).
  • In severe reactions an allergen can cause skin itching, laryngeal edema, urticaria (manifests in itchy exposed blisters), stomach pain, loss of consciousness.
  • Generalized urticaria is complemented by fever, severe itching, fever, arthralgia. Flows on the surface of the skin of the hands, back, neck, legs. Characterized by large red blisters (like a burn from a nettle).
  • Acute allergic conjunctivitis develops on the surface of the eye and its surrounding tissues. Visual features of the conjunctivitis - redness of the eye tissue, broken capillaries around the eyeball. Accompanied by tearing, sensitivity to light, runny nose, headache, weakness.
  • Allergic rhinitis is a disease of the mucosa of the nasal cavity. Usually is a secondary symptom of a more serious allergies. Symptoms of acute disease are a violation of nasal breathing, profuse secretion of mucus from the nose, temperature, edema of the mucosa.

Acute laryngeal edema

Acute laryngeal edema - a severe allergic reaction characterized by swelling of tissues. Sometimes inflammatory and non-inflammatory. The lumen of the larynx becomes. Edema may appear acutely or be chronic. In the throat there is a feeling of the presence of a foreign body, changing the voice and pain. The lumen of the larynx narrowed, and it is dangerous suffocation. More common in males eighteen to thirty-five years. The reasons are different:

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  1. Allergies - possible to dander, pollen, different foods and medicines.
  2. Inflammation of the throat may appear in children with laryngitis, and in adults with phlegmon.
  3. Injury - hit foreign bodies or chemical burns.
  4. Infections - measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever.
  5. Tumors may be tumors. Malignant and benign.
  6. Various purulent diseases, such as cellulitis and abscesses in the neck.

The Most dangerous complications is the stenosis of the larynx. It is fraught with suffocation. The patient takes a forced situation, to make it easier to breathe. If you suspect the swelling you should immediately call an ambulance immediately to go to the hospital and visit the doctor-the otolaryngologist. It is mandatory to conduct a laryngoscopy.

agents of allergies

Angioedema

When this allergic reaction (ICD 10 - T78.3) it swells the skin, subcutaneous fat, mucous membrane. While involved mochevyvodjashie, nervous, digestive, respiratory system. Swelling begins suddenly. It develops in the lower layers of the skin and subcutaneous fat. Is very painful, but no itching. Usually takes place in a period of about seventy-two hours with proper treatment. Swelling begin to appear in contact with certain allergens. Regardless of the reasons in the body increases histamine levels. Angioedema is of two types:

  • Acute - the sudden contact.
  • Acute recurrent, repeated attacks within six months.

An Allergic reaction on the skin is as follows:

  1. There is pain, burning sensation.
  2. The lesion is asymmetric.
  3. Skin Color becomes pale pink.

Mainly affects the hair of the head, throat, hands, tongue, genitals, the back surface stop. If it swells the larynx, the voice becomes hoarse, trouble breathing, feeling of suffocation.

In children, the swelling occurs in any part of the body and requires special attention. Manifested by loss of consciousness, rash like hives, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Often affects the larynx that can cause choking and lead to death.

First aid is the immediate emergency call with a detailed description of the situation. You must stop the penetration of the allergen into the body and give an antihistamine.

The Hives

Fever nettle – an allergic reaction (code according to ICD 10 - T78.3), in which the body appears different from each other in size itchy blisters. In General, urticaria is symptomatic in nature and is not an independent disease. It can manifest itself as allergic shock, bronchial asthma, autoimmune diseases. Rarely urticaria occurs alone, without symptoms.

According to the hives affected are often women at the age from adulthood to Mature age. According to research, it is revealed that the urticaria also occurs as a consequence of hormonal imbalance that is characteristic of girls and women. To identify the disease, sufficient inspection of a dermatologist, who easily put the correct diagnosis.

What triggers the hives, are:

1. External:

  • Burning sun;
  • Bitter cold;
  • Water;
  • Vibration;
  • Various allergens;
  • Allergic reactions, drug;
  • Mechanical action.

2. Internal:

  • Infectious diseases
  • Immune disorders;
  • Improper diet.
    hives in women

Prevention hives

There are a number of instructions to be followed by urticaria:

  • Hygienic purposes use warm, but not hot water;
  • If you select soap, you must give preference to the more tender and soft;
  • Use after bath cotton towel;
  • To avoid the sun;
  • Prohibited from taking aspirin.

Anaphylactic shock

Such an allergic reaction (ICD 10 - T78.0) the human body as anaphylactic shock, is an acute manifestation of Allergy to some external stimulus. Preferably such symptoms occur in the case of repeated penetration of the allergen into the weakened organism that cannot produce specific antibodies to combat it.

Anaphylaxis is extremely dangerous because of the instant negative reaction of all the vital systems of man. Its development may last from a few seconds to several hours of human interaction with the stimulus. If during this period the patient will be provided with timely and qualified medical aid, it can lead to a lethal outcome just one hour from the moment of manifestation of the given reaction.

It affects a person regardless of age. This allergic reaction of the child occurs no less frequently than adults.

This process is due to the fact that during contact of the allergen with specific antibodies, which are designed to protect all of the body is the production of specific substances - histamine, bradykinin and serotonin, which in turn affects the deterioration of blood circulation in the body, but also has a negative effect on all the vital systems of the victim, including a disorder of the muscular, digestive and respiratory functions. It can...


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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