The antibiotic penicillin, semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum

Date:

2018-03-19 01:20:48

Views:

600

Rating:

1Like 0Dislike

Share:

Table of contents:

For the treatment of pathologies with an infectious or bacterial in nature, antibiotics are often used. However, their number is so great that it is not always the patient can understand exactly what the drug will do. Of course, the self is not engaged. To select the tool will help the doctor. But most commonly used is semi-synthetic penicillin. He is known for more than 80 years.

What is a product?

penicillin semisynthetic

So penicillin is a semisynthetic analogue of the natural substances that have new and very valuable properties, and is considered more effective than its predecessor. That is, it can act in cases when pathogens develop resistance to natural penicillin.

Drugs in this group are among the most effective against large number of diseases, so apply widely. In addition, they are almost completely safe for the body. That is why they are often prescribed in the treatment of pregnant women and infants.

Semisynthetic Penicillin more resistant to acid, so it can be taken in the form of tablets. It has a long action. It is precisely this group of drugs is most common and widely used in medical practice.

The Principle of action antibiotics

semi-synthetic penicillins the medicines

So, the funds represented groups in their composition contain β β-lactam ring. It gives the opportunity to stop the production of peptidoglycan cell malicious microorganism. That is, the growth and reproduction of the pathogen stops, it is not updated, and therefore, dies. At the same time on human cells is the substance has a negative is not valid, as they contain no peptidoglycan.

Recommended

A tablet from worms – the relevance of the application for the person

A tablet from worms – the relevance of the application for the person

How relevant today, drugs against worms in humans? What kind of creatures these worms, what are modern methods of treatment? We will try to answer these questions, since ignorance in this area is undesirable. Imagine a mummy, which is misleading in k...

What to do if you cracked skin on hands?

What to do if you cracked skin on hands?

Each of us at least once in a lifetime encounter with a small, but very, when the crack the skin on the hands. At this time there are wounds of different sizes, which hurt and cause inconvenience, especially when in contact with water or detergents. ...

Spray Macho man - the key to a proper relationship between the two spouses

Spray Macho man - the key to a proper relationship between the two spouses

Male impotence is a pathological condition associated with abnormal physiological capacity of the penis to reginout and bring sexual partner pleasure in bed.sex impotenceimpotence may not men to pass unnoticed – it usually spoils his nervous sy...

In addition, β β-lactam ring breaks the cell wall synthesis of the bacteria, which causes abnormal metabolism inside of her. In General, the semi-synthetic penicillin is very effective in the fight against various infections of the internal organs, surgical pathologies.

Advantages

So, you must additionally consider what advantages has this group of drugs. Semisynthetic penicillins have the following advantages:

  • They are able to operate effectively even on those pathogens that have already developed resistance to this antibiotic.
  • Many drugs are broad spectrum, meaning they can destroy many different bacteria.
  • Most penicillins this group has a distinctive property: the resistance to gastric acid. That is pills will be less effective than injections.

Features

antibiotics semisynthetic penicillins

The Group of semisynthetic penicillins is the most common among all existing antibiotics. They are available in various forms. At the pharmacy can you buy syrup, tablets, powder for reconstitution, or liquid ready for injection. Powder is usually packaged in glass bottles of a certain volume, which close with a rubber cap and metal cap. After opening the bottle, the antibiotic need be used immediately, as in the open form, it does not keep long.

Powder used for intramuscular or subcutaneous solution. For breeding it uses a special fluid. There are also granulated powders from which suspension is prepared for oral administration. Most often this form of antibiotic is used to treat young children.

However, the most common form of production is the pill. Due to the fact that some drugs presented groups are resistant to stomach acid, the main substance in them is not destroyed. That is, they remain the most effective even after exposure to a corrosive environment.

Indications for use

 group semisynthetic penicillins

The presence of any infectious or bacterial disease in the body doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Semi-synthetic penicillins can be used for the treatment of such diseases:

  • Pneumonia, infectious pleural.
  • Endocarditis septic character.
  • Gynecological diseases, which are accompanied by inflammatory process and are characterized by the appearance of pus.
  • Anthrax.
  • Sepsis.
  • Peritonitis.
  • Infection of the throat, nose or ears.
  • Meningitis.
  • Gas gangrene.
  • Diphtheria.
  • Gonorrhea, syphilis.
  • Leptospirosis.
  • Scarlet fever.
  • Infection of the ureters and biliary tract.
  • Wound infection skin or soft tissue, which are accompanied by pus.
  • Gonococcal conjunctivitis, cellulitis of the orbit, keratitis, trauma to the eyelids or the eye itself.

In addition, this list can be extended. As can be seen from the testimony, penicillins are used to treat diseases of almost all organs.

What contraindications exist?

Despite the fact that semi-synthetic penicillins spectrum of action which is very wide, almost completely safe for humans, they still have some contraindications for use:

  1. An Allergic reaction to the drug or its components.
  2. Organic intolerance of certain groups of drugs.

However, the occurrence of Allergy is quite small. But in the appointment of penicillin drugs the doctor should analyze the patient tolerability of these funds.

Some adverse reactions may occur?

semisynthetic penicillins spectrum of action

Side effects of semisynthetic penicillins described in detail. They may have a different intensity. In most cases symptoms are minimal and the danger to life and health of the patient does not carry. After taking the drugs based on penicillin may experience these side effects:

  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Eosinophilia.
  • Increase total body temperature.
  • Headache.
  • Bronchial spasm.
  • Swelling (even angioedema).
  • Neurotoxic reaction.
  • Astrapia (secondary lesions of the joints, caused by other diseases).
  • Convulsions.
  • Coma.
  • An Allergic reaction. It can be slow or sudden.
  • Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis (if administered intravenously).
  • Stomatitis (when using a tablet form).

In any case, the list of adverse reactions can extend to infinity. However, timely termination of reception of preparations of this group adverse reactions go away in a few days. But severe allergies can lead to death of the patient. Therefore, it should be contraindicated to make penicillin in any form (even food).

Classification of funds

So, to divide drugs on the basis of semisynthetic penicillins on the following groups:

  1. Penicillinsusceptible: “Oxacillin”, “Methicillin”.
  2. Carboxypenicillins: “the Tikarcillina”, “Carbenicillin”.
  3. Antoinekolias:
  4. Aminopenicilline: “Amoxicillin”, “Ampicillin" (the most common). These semisynthetic penicillins a wide spectrum of action is not resistant to the effects of beta-lactones. However, they can be taken in pill form.
  5. Ureidopenicillin: “Mezlocillin”, “Azlocillin”.

Despite the fact that each group of such semi-synthetic funds is intended to combat certain diseases, in case of their ineffectiveness cannot be combined with other bacteriostatic antibiotics. It can harm the body.

How to choose solvent for dilution of the powder?

semi-synthetic penicillins cephalosporins

In order to enter antibiotics intramuscularly or subcutaneously, the powder should turn into a liquid. For this purpose different solvents. The most common of them are saline, water for injection, and "Novocain".

If you intend intramuscular injection, then you can use any of the above solvents. But it should not be warm, since the effectiveness of the powder after dilution in this case may be reduced. In the summer to reduce the temperature of the solvent, you can use cold water. You just need to lower the ampoule in the container with the liquid for a few minutes. The temperature of the bottle should not exceed 18-20 degrees.

In order to reduce a feeling of discomfort in the implementation of the injection, it is better to use saline. If the patient does not want to feel any pain, and then dissolve the powder can "Novocaine", which has a local anesthetic effect. However, in this case, the prepared liquid may become turbid as a result of the novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin. However, the quality or efficacy of the drug is not...


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/health/2799-the-antibiotic-penicillin-semi-synthetic-broad-spectrum.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/4959-antyb-etyk-pen-cyl-n-pa-s-ntetychnyya-shyrokaga-spektru-dzeyannya.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/4957-antibiotikum-halbsynthetisches-penicillin-breitspektrum.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-salud/4962-antibi-tico-de-la-penicilina-un-semi-sint-tico-de-amplio-espectro.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/health/2800-the-antibiotic-penicillin-semi-synthetic-broad-spectrum.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/health/2799-the-antibiotic-penicillin-semi-synthetic-broad-spectrum.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/densauly/4960-antibiotik-penicillin-bar-d-r-ler-polusinteticheskiy-ke-spektrl.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/zdrowie/4962-jest-antybiotykiem-penicyliny-p-syntetyczne-o-szerokim-spektrum-dzia-a.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/4959-o-antibi-tico-penicilina-semi-sint-tico-de-amplo-espectro-de-a-o.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/sa-l-k/4965-antibiyotik-penisilin-yar-sentetik-geni-spektrumlu-bir.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/zdorov-ya/4962-nap-vsintetichniy-antib-otik-pen-cil-n-shirokogo-spektra-d.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/health/3025-the-antibiotic-penicillin-semi-synthetic-broad-spectrum.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

Comments (0)

This article has no comment, be the first!

Add comment

Related News

Hyperthyroidism: causes, symptoms and treatments

Hyperthyroidism: causes, symptoms and treatments

unfortunately, hyperthyroidism is one of the most common diseases of the organs of internal secretion. It is also interesting that women have such a disease appears about 7-8 times more often than men. An overactive thyroid &mdash...

How long can I exercise after birth? Tips and advice

How long can I exercise after birth? Tips and advice

the long-Awaited baby is born, and a young mother wants to put himself in order. After pregnancy and birth, the figure was much worse - there were banners, and the weight increased. Of course, many people wonder about how to exerc...

You have a disc herniation? Exercises from complex physical therapy can help!

You have a disc herniation? Exercises from complex physical therapy can help!

the Following information is dedicate to all those who suffer from this unpleasant and painful disease, such as intervertebral hernia. Exercises for convenience are divided into types of disease. In fact, many more methods used to...

Cystic fibrosis in a child: signs, symptoms, treatment

Cystic fibrosis in a child: signs, symptoms, treatment

One of the most common diseases that are transmitted by inheritance is cystic fibrosis. A child of a pathogenic secret, which leads to disruption of the digestive tract, respiratory. Characteristically, the disease is chronic and ...

Education isoechoic thyroid - what is it?

Education isoechoic thyroid - what is it?

the Thyroid gland is considered a sensitive organ. If any violations in the body, external adverse influences, it immediately gives a response. Therefore, in the structure of the gland is often enough to identify different nodes, ...

The structure of man. The intestine and its functions

The structure of man. The intestine and its functions

At the anatomy lesson the students study in detail the structure of the human gut in the pictures. This is not surprising because the body is not only the last link in the digestive system that provides output of food, but also pe...