Purulent bronchitis: description, possible causes, types and reviews

Among the numerous forms of bronchitis, the greatest danger is purulent. The disease occurs suddenly. If time does not begin treatment, possible occurrence of serious complications.

Mechanism of pathology development

Purulent bronchitis — this disease is of an inflammatory nature. It is accompanied by mucus, making it difficult to breath.

The Culprits of the dangerous disease is bacteria. Most often the infection is a Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and streptococci. They can enter the body through airborne droplets or limfatica. When infected the inner shell of the bronchi is covered with Muco-purulent coating. As a result, the airway is broken.

Weakened after an influenza or SARS, the body is not able to provide adequate resistance to pathogenic flora. Rapidly breeding bacteria provoke the swelling of the bronchi, shortness of breath and secretion of thick phlegm. Passive Smoking, air pollution, and allergic reactions only reinforce the severity of the disease. Simultaneously, the bronchial tubes become even more vulnerable to bacteria.

In the course of the pathological process are usually distinguished in 2 phases:

1. The Primary, in which there is a loss of alveoli and bronchi.
2. Secondary. The inflammatory process extends to other organs of the respiratory system.

The Development of purulent bronchitis takes a long time. If it fails to recognize it and immediately start therapy, we can hope for a favorable prognosis. Otherwise, the pathological process will become chronic.

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Main reasons

The appearance of the purulent discharge is usually preceded by the wrong treatment of the acute form of bronchitis. Assigned antibacterial agents are unable to clean the home from pathogenic microorganisms due to the low sensitivity medicines.

In addition, doctors select a group of factors, effects on the body which provokes purulent inflammation:

• A sharp change of temperature;
• A weakened immune system;
• Chronic diseases of the paranasal sinuses;
• Frequent colds.

Smokers doctors often reveal bronchitis. Over time and in the absence of treatment the disease may develop into the purulent form.

Varieties of pathology

Purulent complication of the disease doctors-pulmonologists are divided into 3 types:

1. Catarrhal. Pathology is manifested by a painful cough and abundant expectoration. At the time of diagnosis in the analysis of mucus sometimes found in the leukocytes.
2. Obstructive. In the sputum are always viewed purulent or blood streaks.
3. Chronic. It is the indolent form of disease, which is characterized by periods of remission and recurrence.

The Greatest danger is purulent obstructive bronchitis. It develops on the background of acute infectious diseases caused by activity of pathogenic microorganisms. While the patient has fever, pain in joints and muscles. Any delay or lack of treatment can lead to irreversible changes in the pulmonary system, a fatal outcome.

Clinical picture

The Disease is usually manifested in the winter. Its primary symptoms may resemble acute respiratory infections or the common cold. First comes the sore throat, which is taken for a sore throat or tonsillitis. After a while he is joined by a strong dry cough. Each attack may be accompanied by chest pain. Sometimes patients find it difficult to breathe due to the large accumulation of mucus in the bronchi. Later the cough becomes moist, and mucus in the expectoration a yellowish color.

Among other symptoms of acute bronchitis, doctors distinguish:

• Increased sweating
• Fatigue;
• A slight rise in temperature to subfebrile level;
• Shortness of breath.

The Disease can worsen up to 2-3 times a year. To relapse usually result in hypothermia or prolonged cold. In this case, the clinical picture becomes more pronounced: the cough increases, and the volume of mucus secretion increases dramatically.

As a time to recognize the chronic form of the disease?

In chronic purulent bronchitis with a cough is given up to 250 ml of sputum per day. Its color varies from pale yellow to green. The pus may be visible blood streaks.

The Disease is characterized by a protracted course with a required reinforcement of bronchial obstruction. The most dangerous complication is considered acute respiratory failure. If the patient breath is lengthened and becomes tense, there appear dry whistling sounds, it's time to sound the alarm. These symptoms indicate a rapid deterioration of health.

Diagnostic Methods

When a strong cough or shortness of breath should seek the advice of a physician. This specialist will be able to properly diagnose, and then prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Standard examination of the patient with suspected chronic bronchitis includes the following events:

1. Analysis of sputum.
2. X-ray. Provides an opportunity to assess the degree of damage of the bronchi, to identify pathological lesions.
3. The Bronchoscopy. Allows to distinguish the purulent form of the disease from the secondary, caused by tuberculosis or pneumonia.
4. Blood. Needed to assess the overall health of the patient.

Mandatory the doctor should examine the patient, to study his history and characteristics of the clinical picture. Direct attention is paid to accompanying purulent bronchitis symptoms.

Treatment of disease always is complex. You must first remove the exudate from the bronchi. With this purpose are assigned expectorant drugs and mucolytics. In advanced cases may require the aid of bronchoscopy. Learn more about each method, the therapeutic effects will be discussed below.

Use of antibiotics

Acute purulent bronchitis always requires compliance with bed rest, Smoking cessation and limiting negative impacts on the respiratory system. Hospitalization of the patient is indicated only in cases of emergency when the disease is complemented by severe intoxication or heart failure.

The Main method of the therapeutic effect is recognized antibiotics. Commonly used medicines of the following groups:

1. Macrolides (“Sumamed”, “Azitroks”). Have a devastating impact on the process of protein synthesis in the cells of pathogens, which reduces their capacity to further division.
2. Aminopenicilline (“Amoxiclav"). These drugs have a devastating effect on the fabric of bacteria, without causing harm to the human body. However, their use is often accompanied by allergic reactions.
3. Cephalosporins (“Ceftriaxone”, “Cefazolin”). Antibiotics from this group provoke the inhibition of the synthesis of substances that are the basis of the cell membrane of bacteria.
4. Fluoroquinolones (“Ofloxacin”, “Present”). Have a devastating effect on the DNA of the bacteria that contributes to their death. Prolonged use often causes a pronounced goiter.

Antibiotics for purulent bronchitis it is advisable to appoint after sputum analysis to assess sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms. Otherwise, their application will be ineffective.

Comprehensive treatment

In addition to antibiotics for treating pathological process is always assigned to the mucolytic agent. They help to speed up expectoration. To relieve swelling of tissues and elimination of allergies can use antihistamines.

In the complex treatment also includes a variety of physiotherapy, the health resort. A positive effect on the patient's condition:

• Inhalation of ‘Mukaltin” and “Hydrocortisone";
• Electrophoresis with potassium iodide;
• The procedure of deep warming.

After the improvements, it is useful to enjoy a relaxing Wellness massage, breathing exercises.

Conducting bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that is used diagnostic and therapeutic a...