Experiments with ice for preschoolers. Properties of snow and ice

The experiments are the observation of natural phenomena, organized in special conditions. They can be conducted and in kindergarten. Preschoolers are quite able to understand not only the external manifestation of natural facts, but also the obvious relationship between them.

Do the experiments for preschoolers?

What patterns can understand the child of kindergarten age? You can quite easily talk about the different States of substances, move them to other quality characteristics of air, the properties of the sand to prevent water and the like.

Experiments for preschoolers help hone logical thinking, ability to compare and correct conclusions. Children learn to formulate their own opinions, and defend them.

At the heart of each of them must be based on the views available to the child at the beginning of the experiment. And children in the process should participate. Discussing with them the results should encourage preschoolers to Express independent judgments. Thanks to simple experiments kids can acquaint with a lot of characteristics of water, clay, sand, etc.

For example, consider experiments with ice for the kindergarten children to explain the properties of water, as well as other well-known for its state - of ice. It would seem that the water is all long-familiar and familiar stuff, but how much of the unknown can get to know the child during a well-prepared experiment!

The ice in the boiling water

So, let's start. In the first of our experiments involved both fire and water, and ice. More precisely, we will try to combine ice and boiling water. Simple equipment that will be used for this, consists of test tube, alcohol burner, weight, as well as cold water and several ice cubes. In General, experiments with ice in the older group (or preparatory to kids to understand them is difficult) do not require a large number of complex tools and instruments.

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What a child knows at the beginning of the experiment? Preschoolers usually it is already known that hot (not to mention boiling) water ice tends to melt quickly. Try to find out (this will be the purpose of our experience) - but is this possible: the water is boiling and the ice remains solid.

How is the experiment: take a beaker and fill with water, then throw a piece of ice. And since it is lighter than water and tends to float on top presses his brass weights, but the ice needs to be surrounded by water.

Fire And water, and ice - be careful!

And Then the upper part of the tube begin to heat up in the flame of the alcohol burner - it is only the top part of it. After a very short period of time the water boils - test-tube stands out par. But why, lying on the bottom of the ice does not melt, what a miracle of nature?

The trick is that the boiling water is only in the upper part of the tube and at the bottom it stays cold, the ice is not "boiling hot" and "near boiling water". As you know, under the influence of heat, water has the ability to expand and to become lighter, so boiling water was not going to sink to the bottom and mix with the cold. The interaction between the upper hot and lower cold layers does not occur, heat the lower part of the tube can only by conduction, but as you know, this rate of water is not too high.

By the Way, the most simple experiences with ice and snow, of course, even a tiny baby, is the observation on the street behind the flying snowflakes. If you take a sheet of velvet paper is black and go outside in the snow, fallen of snowflakes on the sheet will demonstrate its excellent crystal structure. After standing a little longer, we get a clear idea of how is the picture of the snow.

Raise the speed of cooling

Experiment 2. Interesting experiments with ice can be carried out individually - for their own son or daughter. Take two large pieces of ice and cook a couple of cups of hot cocoa. This is easier to do at home. On what is based this experience? Most likely, the child already knows how heated on the stove, for example, a pot of soup.

Hot air rises. But the same property has water and where the heated layer will always be on top. Remind the child that the soup on the surface of the plate is always hotter than its bottom.

In the course of our experience, we're going to find out exactly where to place ice for the fastest cooling fluid. So, your child loves cocoa. If not, prepare another drink he will drink. Put one of the cups on a plate of ice, and another cover with the same piece of ice. Let your child gently using fingers and tongue to figure out which of the cups the cooling process moving with more speed, and try together to reflect, why so occurs.

Tell the pre - cooling is faster get a second Cup, the one that is covered with ice. Because, as you know, the cold fluid tends to sink downward, thus accelerating the mixing of layers.

Flowers made of snow

The Experiment number 3. For him prepare a soap solution and a straw. At the beginning of the experience children should already know that the snowflakes represent the microscopiccrystals, formation of which occurs in the clouds in cold weather. The purpose of our experience will be just to see how it goes.

For his need to leave the premises in a clear cold day (air temperature must be low enough). Almost all experiments with ice or snow outdoor require cold weather - the thaw did not come.

Try using a straw to blow a large soap bubble. Snow "flowers" will be formed under the thin film layer and directly into the eyes to grow.

Along the way is to demonstrate to children and the process of frost formation. To make it even easier - in the cold take with you on the street a Cup of boiling water and close the top of something metal, for example, a lid from the saucepan. Droplets of steam from boiling water will settle on it and quickly turn on frosty air into crystals of frost.

Grown icicles

The Experiment number 4. We'll need to take a fairly accurate thermometer and attach it to a long pole to measure the temperature on the roof of a small building such as a shed or garage, as well as under this roof. Knowledge that should be possessed by children at the beginning of the experiment is simple - almost all children already know that if the temperature of the water melts, when the ice forms negative.

This time our experiments with ice will allow us to study the process of formation of icicles. And find out why they grow on the roofs, and not somewhere in other places. And why the process is much faster in Sunny weather.

Just In case will specify whether the children, where are these beautiful ice lollies. You can pre-observe their growth on the surrounding rooftops from the window, choosing a Sunny clear day. Focus children's attention on the paradox - why the new frost icicles are not formed, and they grow only on the bright sun? It would seem that the colder the weather the greater the ice formed.

If the kids are not able themselves to build a logical chain of reasoning that help them. The thinking is: you need to see an icicle? First and foremost, water, then the surface where the water can drain to a small stream. And finally, the temperature at which the transformation of this water into ice. The mixture of these three conditions is available, if the background of freezing temperatures begins to warm the sun.

How this happens? And here is how: the sun heats up lying on the roof of snow and ice that begins to melt, flowing streams of water on the edge of the roof are exposed to sudden changes in temperature from positive to negative. Due to such a jump that the sun's rays fall on the surface is smooth and slightly sloping roof under the largest angle, with the result that she suffers a lot of heat along with snow.

Paint the snow different colors

Experiment number 5. We continue our experiments with snow and ice. Stock up at this time will have some amount of plastic bottles in which to pour the hot water, and the water should be tinted with gouache in different colors. The cork in each bottle it is necessary to pierce a needle, make a small hole.

In addition, you will need to take the child's shoulder and look at the garden a few surfaces covered with a uniform layer of snow.

The Knowledge possessed by children at the beginning of the experiment lies in the fact that everything (including snow and ice) consists of small particles called molecules. In the experiment, we clearly demonstrate to children how different colored objects and substances. And this is due to the penetration of pigment into the structure of the subject that we want to decorate.

Going for a walk after a snowfall, when the tracks covered with fresh fluffy snow, give each child a bottle with colored water, hot enough to not immediately freeze. See exactly where the snow lay layers of different thicknesses.

Invite the kids to make on its surface colored drawings, spraying colored water. This lesson in itself is very interesting. Perhaps inspired by the creative process of kids and don't want to discuss the scientific side of the experience, but it's not terrible. Narisovalas, they will return to the study of the subject.

Invite a shovel to lift the snow and pay children's attention to the fact that the thickness of the dyed layer depends on the number of spitting water and the degree of fluffiness of the snow. If we try to paint a dense snowballs or well-compacted surface, colored water may not penetrate deeper than the topmost layer. The result will be the clearer, the more frost on the street.

Get a pure ice

Experiment number 6. Bring plenty of water (plain, salty and sweet). To start tell the children that although they know ocean water is salty, but the ice on the surface of the Arctic ocean fresh. In the experiment, together with the children we find out how the liberation of freezing water from impurities in the form of sugar and salt.

For the experience, prepare in advance a few ice cubes. Each of them is obtained from sweet, salty, and also the most common fresh water, gently split in half. Ask the children - how they think, freezing sweet or salt water, we will get the same ice?

Ratherall, the answer is Yes. But it is wrong - in fact, crystallizing in the process of formation of ice water gets rid of the alien molecules and impurities. To confirm your words let children lick the ice pieces and make sure in your rightness.

Underwater inhabitants

The Experiment number 7. For it you will, but snow, to find the clear ice covered puddle. Kids should know what a transparent plane allow us to consider what's underneath them is opaque - on the contrary. Remind them it is possible, explaining the example of a simple glass.

In the experiment, we will try to see what's going on in the bottom of a deep puddle or small pond. If in the vicinity of this reservoir is not observed, you will have to organize it yourself - for example, within plastic bottle of five-liter volume. Put at the bottom of a arrangement of sticks, pebbles, nuts, etc., then pour all the water and put the cold. After freezing under a transparent layer of ice all the objects will be clearly viewed.

Then the eyes of the children sprinkle the ice with snow, and the contents of the bottle immediately out of sight. Why is this happening? It's simple - snow, unlike ice, opaque.

To increase the informative value of the experiment, simultaneously to explain the children and other snow properties (flowability, friability, softness) and ice (fragility, brittleness, hardness). Mention about the possibility of injury from sharp edges of ice and the need to exercise caution.

Like Santa Claus paints us Windows

Experiment number 8. All saw the frost on the window panes. Will try to reproduce them in a "laboratory" conditions. Is the window glass, take a piece of plastic or dry glass plate, which will replace our window. Still need a Cup of hot water and various thicknesses of brush. The weather on the day of the experiment must be sufficiently frosty.

Bringing the kids out for a walk, advise them that will transform into Santa Claus. If the children are big enough, you can discuss the plot of the future picture, and even create on paper sketch.

Out on the street, on a dry pre-wipe the glass surface with a brush carefully apply the pattern with hot water. You need to work quickly before the water froze. Again to hold a brush in the same place should not, but after freezing the picture you can repeat the procedure and make all the lines thicker and more noticeable.

Sure, there are other experiments with ice. Something you can invent yourself. The main thing - to awaken and maintain the interest of the kids to such a strange and diverse natural phenomena!