The development of the child by months to a year. Important stages of mental and physical development of a child up to a year of life

Here comes the long-awaited holiday in your family. You can be congratulated on the addition to the family. You must understand that a very important period in the life of the family has come. Now every day will bring joy and unexpected discoveries.

If we talk about how fast and entertaining the child's development is by months, then the first year can be called the brightest. The kid learns the world every day, carefully observes others. He learns to smile, sit, crawl, walk. Each kid develops individually, but there are many common criteria that apply to all children. Today our topic is "Child development by months to a year".

First month: acquaintance

This period can be considered adaptive in the life of a child. He sleeps seventy percent of the time. Sleep is very important for a newborn. The physical development of the child in 1 month is especially noticeable. It grows an average of 3 centimeters. His body is getting used to a new, unfamiliar environment. While awake, the baby randomly waves his hands, clenched into fists, and legs bent at the knees. By the end of the 1st month, he can already hold his head for a short time, fix his gaze on bright toys, parents' faces, and clearly make vowel sounds. Specialists in pediatrics are sure that it is very important to attach the baby to the mother's breast in the first two hours after birth. At this time, an invisible contact appears between the mother and her offspring. A woman begins to feel the emotions and needs of her baby from a distance.

Nutrition is no less important during this period. In the presence of mother's milk and its good quality, the child gains about 600 grams per month. There is no need to rush the baby during feeding. For him, this is not just a process of nutrition – he enjoys warmth and communication with his mother.

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Reflexes

At birth, a child has some natural reflexes that help him adapt to a new environment. Some of them are lost in the first months of life. Such reflexes are:

• Sucking;
• Grasping (if you put your finger on its handle, it will squeeze it);
• Swimming (putting the baby's tummy on the water, you will see, that he will begin to make swimming movements);
• Search (when the child is looking for the mother's breast).

Other reflexes remain with the little man for life:

• Sneezing;
• Blinking;
• Flinching;
• Yawning, etc.

According to the presence of reflexes in the baby, pediatricians determine the mental development of the child. Young mothers need by the end of the 1st month of the baby's life not only to surround the child with warmth and care, but also to accustom him to a clear day-night regime.

Second month: getting to know mom

This period of life is sometimes called the time of "revival". The baby can already not only look at your face, but he also feels your emotional state. When the mother comes to the crib, the child begins to wave his legs and arms randomly. At 2 months, the little man holds his head more confidently. His height increases by about three centimeters, and the weight gain should be about 800 grams.

Third month: we start "talking"

The development of a child by months to a year is very interesting to observe. Your baby, if you put it on his tummy, can already lean on his forearms, holds his head for a longer time.

During this period, it is important to often turn him over on his tummy. This will help digestion, get rid of gases, strengthen the neck and back muscles. Make sure that the baby does not lie on its side for a long time – this can provoke a curvature of the spine. The development of a child in 3 months of life is characterized by the fact that the baby is already more focused on bright toys. He "talks" to himself, can pronounce not only vowels, but also some consonant sounds. He is more interested in surrounding things and events. He is already becoming quite an independent person – he pulls the pacifier out of his mouth, and then tries to put it back on his own. During this month, the child "gets heavier" by another 800 grams and grows by 3 centimeters (average).

The waking period increases to one and a half hours. At this time, take the baby in your arms, talk to him, walk around the room, kiss him, hug him. Proper development of a child by months to a year is very important for his further physical and mental health, so you should monitor him very carefully.

Fourth month: hold your head!

During this period, the baby already reacts to the sound, holds his head well. When he lies on his tummy, he leans on the handles and knows how to straighten them. He reaches for toys and can grab them, look at them up close and taste them. And most importantly, the baby is already able to distinguish his mother from other adults. During the fourth month, the child's weight increases by about 750 grams, and the height increases by 3 centimeters.

Fifth month: learning to crawl

The physical development of the child becomes more intense by months during this period. This is a kind of new stage in its development. He already knows how to roll over. Some especially active kids are trying to sit, crawl, stand on their feet. At this time, it is important to hold the crumbs, teach them to walk.

The child already easily distinguishes native people from outsiders. He "talks" more confidently, though not consciously yet. In the fifth month, the child will gain about 700 grams in weight, and will grow by about 2 centimeters.

Sixth month: sitting on our own

During this period, the baby already knows his name. What changes when a child turns 6 months old? Development, daily routine are moving to a new level. The baby is already much more awake, knows the feeding and sleeping time well.

The child is able to sit without assistance. He holds his toys well, shifts them from pen to pen. Lying on his tummy, the baby pulls up his legs and tries to get on his knees. He learns to repeat individual syllables – "ba-ba", "ma-ma".

At this time, many mothers begin to actively feed the baby. However, try not to give him sweet and salty food, since at six months the intestines and kidneys are not yet ready for such a load. The pediatrician will individually advise you about complementary foods.

At this age, your beloved baby turns into a fidget. He easily turns over from his back to his tummy or on his side, is able to distinguish objects. If, for example, you ask him to show his watch, then he will look around and show you where they are.

Seventh month: learning to walk

With outside help, the baby can walk around the room, crawls on his own, but mostly backwards.

At this age, kids really like to swim. This is due to the fact that they are already sitting quite confidently and can play with toys in the bath. While bathing, tell the baby what the parts of his body are called by pointing at them. This promotes memorization, and soon the child will easily show where his leg is, where his finger is.

Changes are also observed in the baby's diet. At this age, cottage cheese and meat are useful to him, which replenish the body's supply of calcium necessary for the growth and formation of teeth, as well as potassium, which is important for the good work of the heart. In addition, the child needs protein for the growth of muscle mass. In the seventh month, the baby will gain about 700 grams in weight and 2 centimeters in height.

Eighth month: moving confidently

The most important thing at this time is not to leave the child unattended, because he is already moving well on his own, sitting down. The kid reacts briskly to new toys. He is already able to distinguish dad and mom from strangers in photos. He plays "ladushki" with interest. The baby knows that during the farewell to someone it is necessary to wave a pen, trying to eat on his own.

Ninth month: independent steps

Using a chair, an armchair or a sofa, the child stands on his own legs and moves. He often falls, cries, but gets up again. A baby at the age of nine months is happy to repeat words after adults, sometimes individual syllables. He can already drink from the cup himself, of course, if an adult supports it from below.

Tenth month: first words

So, practically an adult lives in your family – a child of 10 months. The development of the baby is happening so rapidly that you do not have time to rejoice at his new achievements. Let's try to celebrate all his successes. In the tenth month, the baby grows by about 1.5 centimeters (since birth, he has grown by about 22 centimeters). During the same period, he will gain 450 grams in weight (the total gain will be about 6.5 kilograms). Naturally, these figures are indicative.

A child of 10 months, whose development is happening more rapidly, sleeps in the daytime most often 1 time. The duration of the day's rest is about 2-3 hours. Sometimes a child needs to sleep twice during the day, but for one hour. This mode is suitable for very active children. At night, the child should rest for at least 9-10 hours. Remember - if the baby does not get enough sleep, he will be naughty, refuse games, eat poorly. The physical and psychological development of the baby is individual. However, if there is a pronounced deviation in the values of height or body weight in one direction or the other, it is necessary to consult with a specialist to make sure that everything is in order with the baby's health. Quite often, such violations are the first, and sometimes the only sign of an existing pathology.

At 10 months, the child is very mobile. He no longer likes being in the arena all the time, but needs more movements and a variety of impressions. More and more of his time he is in an upright position. The child's speech is also developing significantly. This is no longer a simple imitation of adult speech. He carefully pronounces the syllables "ma-ma", "ba-ba", and does it with different intonations.

The menu of a ten-month-old child is already quite diverse. It includes milk porridges, vegetable puree, cottage cheese, meat, fish, fruits, vegetable purees and juices. Part of the food is of a solid consistency (this contributes to the development of the gastrointestinal tract, the formation of teeth). By the end of the tenth month, the baby should have four teeth. It's great if at this age mom can still breastfeed the baby. This usually happens after a main meal or before going to bed. However, it happens that babies need such communication with their mother more often.

Eleventh month: imitating adults

What achievements can a child of 11 months boast of? The development of the crumbs continues. The baby can already get up and stand on his own. Quite confidently, he is able to walk with the help of a chair, holding on to it with one hand. A child at this age likes to imitate adults – opens and closes doors, takes a spoon in the handle and tries to eat on his own. With the greatest pleasure, the baby throws toys on the floor. His fingers have already become very dexterous, and he can easily take the smallest objects.

A child of 11 months, whose speech development also does not stand still, already pronounces simple words quite meaningfully. He already understands a lot, becomes extremely observant and really wants to imitate adults, so during this period parents need to be especially attentive to their speech, so as not to exclaim later: "Where did he get this?"

The twelfth month: accept congratulations

So you waited for your first birthday. Your baby is 1 year old! With what achievements did he approach his first significant date? To remember how this complex process took place, we advise parents to keep a calendar of the child's development by month.

Most children at 12 months are already starting to walk, and the most active kids even run. At first, the baby holds her mother's hand and carefully takes the first steps, and a little later the baby continues to walk independently. In his eyes you will see both fear and joy – because he wants to be like you so much.

During the first attempts to learn to walk, there should be a lot of free space for the child. The baby should not get hurt and feel pain. This can put off his attempts to learn to walk for a long time.

At the age of one year, the child should confidently put the cubes one on top of the other, put rings on the rod. He pronounces 10-12 words quite clearly. In addition, the baby babbles something in a language he understands only. He knows well and is happy to show where his ears, eyes, pens, etc. are.

The kid shows where mom, brother or dad is. The child is already very mobile. It's great. However, it is necessary to protect the child from injury as much as possible. Carefully inspect the apartment and try to close or soften the corners where the little man can get hurt. And most importantly - do not leave him unattended for a minute, especially if the child is very active.

Today we have considered the topic "Child development by months to a year". We hope that our article will help you to raise a healthy and strong baby. And one more piece of advice for young mothers. If you have any questions about the physical or mental development of the baby, do not hesitate to ask them to the pediatrician once again. Remember that at this stage it is your faithful friend and adviser.