Semenovskaya matryoshka: history, description, and painting. Semenov master painted 1600 dolls

Semenovskaya matryoshka - hearing the name of this artwork, all I remember about the birthplace of Khokhloma painting, the masters of shrubs, craftsmen of wood carving. At first, the doll was not the first case of the masters, but forever rooted in the folk crafts of the city of Semenov of Nizhny Novgorod region. The game features the beauty and unique flavor.

Semenovskaya matryoshka is one of the most unique and the most recognizable symbols of Russia. There was this souvenir at the end of the XIX century, when in the country's history, much has changed radically changing the culture of the Russian people. At this time, the blooming era of “Slavic style”. An increasing interest is a new fine art, however, revived the old crafts.

What is a matryoshka?

If you try to give a definition of this toy, it is something like: matreshka-Russian wooden doll, inside which are nested similar, differing from each other in size and painting the same doll-matryoshka.

The First toy made of wood was presented to the people in the form of eight alternating girls – boys who in his hands held black cocks Yes, little chickens, and the last, the smallest, was made in the form of a swaddled baby. All eight dolls have been painted with bright colored paint using folk motifs. Carved the first matryoshka master-toyman V. P. Zvezdochka did, and was painted by the artist S. V. Malyutin.

History

Create works of art in "national style", famous artists, Cabinet makers, and often hired artisans took the toys of other Nations. There is a fashion for all the Japanese, because the Eastern specimens of art cause at the time of greatest interest. Then it was brought to our land the ancestor of Russian dolls.

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The Japanese city of Honshu was brought the figurine of the Buddhist sage – Fukuruma, inside which was nested a few of the same, only smaller. Most interesting is that this first piece of art carved Russian monk miraculously appeared at the Islands in Japan.

According to historians, Semenovskaya matryoshka, whose history begins in the 19th century, were created in the image of Fukuruma, his figure has become a model for Russian toys.

Symbolism

Semenovskaya matryoshka-the symbol of motherhood, strong and healthy women. The doll, which carries all the family, is also a symbol of fertility.

The Woman, a parent, a homemaker. Mother had to work, look after children, take care of their food, it needed strong hands and health, which is why Semenovskaya matryoshka looks so well-fed and flourishing.

Nested in each other dolls symbolize strong family, mutual support and spiritual closeness.

Where did the name "matryoshka"

To Explain the name of the Russian toy can be, after analyzing all of the following facts. Matryoshka, Matrena, Holy cow – the root word is of Latin origin. Mater in Latin literally translates as "mother", I wonder what other meanings the word has.

The Doll – are derived from the names Masha, Manya, Maria. It is a widely used name among the Slavs at all times.

The Doll – the name of the Buddhist goddess Matri.

History

At the world exhibition in Paris in 1900, Russian dolls has won universal recognition, after which its production took off as demand increased several times. And in Semenov – city wood products - began to make new Souvenirs. Semenovskaya matryoshka, which just started, has become the most popular, as local craftsmen readily adopted the experience of manufacturing wooden toys, advanced technology, used bright colors for painting.

At First the master was carved and then painted dolls at home, then in the workshops, and later began to work in factories, carrying out large orders.

Semyonov called ‘capital Lozhkarev” Russia, the dolls were not in first place in the production of wooden products. They are made from waste made from spoons. Over time, taking over from the suburban masters experience in the making of Russian dolls, local craftsmen made their characteristic features in figure semenovskoy dolls. The image of bright toys becomes recognizable, is gaining popularity not only in Russia but also abroad.

The Birth of a toy

Born the first Semenovskaya matryoshka, which is discussed in an article in the Semenov district in the village of old believers – Marinova Nizhny Novgorod region. Many residents Marinovo then earn by selling wooden utensils, split boxes of various shapes, made to trade exotic turning toys, and then dolls.

Already in 1929, were made nesting dolls Semenov simple style – with a special painting, with a certain shape, in the Volga manner of wood art. Firstmasters live, the Creator of these dolls, was the Vagina, the oldest Merinov craftsmen. Their first doll was made on the basis of the same toys from Nizhny Novgorod – a bearded old so moustached men.

Another Merinov master – toyman majors, brought home the same doll from Nizhny Novgorod, only one was a dud, both inside and outside. The eldest daughter of the master painted the doll in their own way alongside it in Russian sundress with bright red flowers on the apron, "wearing" on her head a bright headdress. And appeared painted on-Merinov dolls, but along with Merinov painting appeared a special form of this toy. Thus was born the phenomenon of Semyonov nesting dolls.

Together with them in Semenov grind a large number of other wood fun. Painted by their artists in the same style of Khokhloma painting. Drawings on the surface of wooden articles was initially simple, but over time, the ornament, saturated with bright colors, more complex items, added more floral patterns. Semenovskaya matryoshka wooden was a very beautiful and colorful.

How to make dolls

Matreshka-hollow doll. Already it makes you wonder about the great skill of the craftsmen making it. Nested doll it is very difficult, requires tremendous skill and patience. Not every tree species suitable for manufacturing, so the choice of wood master very seriously. Often used by such breeds as birch, Linden, aspen, sometimes it's alder. A tree is felled in late winter or early spring. Choose the trunk is smooth, without knots, which is then cut into several logs, after which the bark is removed and wood is not cracked when dry, the edges smeared with clay. After storing the wood in a well ventilated area its long dried but do not desiccate. “Tree ring – that's it!” says the master, and even checks it for smell. Accurate and skillful movements he grinds the desired shape of the product, the very first nesting doll makes the smallest. Ready carved figurine sanded, primed and polished. Only then begin to paint the surface using gouache, watercolor, acrylic or oil paint.

Beauty of a painting

The Painted Semenov nesting dolls made in Semenov the famous Khokhloma style, using pictorial elements and motifs of Ancient Russia. It is the external, decorative elements play an important role in the manufacture of souvenir.

The First dolls were made for peasant children so painted simple patterns. Using a sharpened goose feather artists applied the contours of the face and clothes, then all the elements were colored with aniline dyes in bright shades of scarlet, crimson, blue, green and purple colors. The basis of the nested doll Semenovskaya painting – large bright flowers, crowned with Rowan, circles, bows, small flowers. On top of the painted dolls applied a coat of wax, and later began to use nail Polish.

This applies to the traditional Semenov dolls, then with time began to appear a souvenir doll in fashion «Russian style”, silhouettes are filled with historical persons ("Taras Bulba", "Napoleon”, “bat”). Often face dolls became well-known personalities, family of kings (“the Romanov Family”), the boyars, the writers (“Goldeneye”, “Pushkin”, “wings”) and heroes of their stories and tales (‘Turnip’, ‘Gingerbread”).

Folklore heritage of the country

For many Semenov nested doll art became hereditary. Semenov workshops, a toy spin and enterprises merged into a single factory. In 1954 appeared the United artel “Toy”, which in 1960 was reorganized in the factory. Since then the bench production dolls, manufactured dolls from 18, 25 dolls. Bench dolls were made of the most famous events and big dates.

Grand master painted 1600 dolls

Unique painting Semenovskaya matryoshka is observed to this day. Original Souvenirs factory “Semenovskaya painting" surprises with its range. Recently Semenov master painted 1600 dolls, but they don't stop. As a souvenir, this toy has always been and will be a great gift to our country, and abroad. This demonstrates the international popularity of Russian nesting dolls.