The Makarov PM (9mm) – a semi-automatic gun, in 1951, replacing the TT pistol and revolver Nagant. It was developed by Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, Soviet designer, also developed some other adopted tools. PM, simple and reliable, has been and remains in service in law-enforcement bodies and the armed forces of the Russian Federation, as well as in several other countries (Georgia, Syria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, Korea, Ukraine and others). However, Russia now began a slow replacement of his gun Yarygin, MMP and some other models. What is the peculiarity of this weapon, we shall understand hereafter.
Because of its recognition are popular non-combat version, for example in trauma PM “WII” and other versions (RM-RF "BERKUT", MRE, MRG, PM-T, ), as well as pneumatic and gas (e.g. gas gun "Makarych” with rubber bullets).
Durability and ease of operation made popular by the Makarov pistol, the price (from 3 thousand rubles for the PM in trauma) is also a good plus for all indicators, so there are many civilian versions of the pistol. PM in Russia are often issued in the form of air guns (again, because of its recognition). There are models of both domestic and foreign. For example, Mr-654 – a copy of the Makarov pistol from IZHMEKH.
Before the release of “on” in traumatic often just reworked the combat of PM (so-called koleduvane) in large quantities remaining in the warehouses of Soviet times. Changes were minimal: the mark “producer” and protective elements that do not allow you to convert it into a combat PM. But now all the newer non-combat models are remakes, but are made of the same steel weapons.
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The German firm UMAREX also produces several models, such as the Umarex Makarov PM Ultra, and 6 mm gas gun Legends Makarov. American company SMG releases Gletcher PM, which has fixed the bolt. The same version with the fixed frame have a Borner – another company from USA, is the name BORNER ПМ49 and produced in Taiwan.
In Russia, a huge number of modifications as a militant (MMP, characterized by greater capacity of the store – 12 rounds, and a more powerful cartridge 9x18), and civil, such as "Baikal" 443 (sports gun), MP-442 "skiff" with a polymer frame, and a series ИЖ70, released as a commercial sporting gun. Battle the PM also has a number of modifications.
There is a misconception that the PB pistol – PM with a silencer, which is totally not true. Despite the fact that PB (silent pistol) and has parts taken from the design of PM (and, as a fragile part, the trigger mechanism), are two completely different weapons. In the USSR there were attempts to making PM with a silencer, but more experienced party it does not matter: the level of sound reduction was insufficient, and due to the elongation of the trunk increased the speed of bolt recoil that accelerated wear of the mechanism. Probably after this, in 1967 and was adopted by the PB.
Now, some countries (China, USA and others) produce non-combat modification of a Makarov pistol with a silencer.
The contest held in the Soviet army in 1948, was attended by several dozen Soviet masters. The aim was to replace the outdated Nagant revolver and TT pistol, still standing on the arms.
Tula Tokarev Pistol was developed in 1930, fairly lightweight and compact, easy to carry, but has a number of disadvantages. One of them are cases of spontaneous shots (such a case is described in the book "Almost serious" Yuri Nikulin), so that the gun was prohibited to carry with having sent into the chamber cartridge. Another disadvantage was the lack of a slide stop. All this led to the fact that TT is a very long time brought to combat readiness, and it may cost operative or soldier life, because the score sometimes goes for seconds. There were also controversial disadvantages, such as the fact that he was no match for firing from the loopholes of the tank. Although this requirement many considered absurd, the German guns answered him.
Besides, you had weapons that were light, compact, and convenient, and, importantly, as quickly as possible would have been in a state of shooting. A sample was given by German gun “PP”, production of which began in 1929. There have been some great samples, but was recognized as the best design of the Makarov pistol. The PM was adopted in the Soviet law enforcement bodies and the armed forces three years later, after the development, during this time, the mechanism was modified, made some small changes.
Although the designer of the Makarov and was the basis of “PP”, he significantly modified it. Design and system for handling a gun was simplified, the details become multifunctional, increased their strength, resulting in increased service life and reliability.
The Famous Makarov pistol 1949 production, which is still serviceable, although has shooting practice about fifty thousand shots.This is impressive, given that the spring PM 4K shots (this is the “standard” value for many pistols, for example, for the same Yarygin pistol).
Initially the requirements of the competition had to present their model in two variants, for caliber 7х65 mm and 9 mm. In PM used caliber cartridge 9х18мм instead 8х17мм. Bullet new caliber had far better stopping power than a bullet 7,62х25 mm TT pistol, although he had less power. Less power is given the opportunity to contribute to the design of the loose bolt and fixed barrel.
In the first place, due to the lower power cartridge, PM is designed for firing at short distance up to 50 meters, though the stopping power of the bullet is 350 m.
Also, significant differences exist in the device USM, the main advantage was the slide stop lever, added Makarov. The store Makarov pistol and the guard also got some changes. Combining the functions of parts in the design of PM made it easier, but the details – much less, in comparison with “PP”. For example, the gate delay in the design of the pistol has the function of the reflector shell casings, and the action spring is the same and sear spring, cocking lever, and in setting the safety on – spring rebound of the hammer. Spring the bottom of the magazine catch is at the lower end of the mainspring.
In the original version of the details, for example, the fuse and spring, had a complex shape, but over time we began to apply new technologies, which could reduce the cost of production.
“PP” had a delay in firing caused by the fact that the cartridge was buried in the bevel chamber. Makarov almost completely eliminated this problem and achieved the best ratio of the height of the cartridge with the tilt of the bevel of the chamber, therefore, coupled with the high location of the top round in the magazine, virtually eliminates the risk of uticaria cartridge in the bevel.
Shooting is single shots. In connection with the simplification of the mechanism in comparison with “PP” a few have fallen the rate of combat PM. Shots per minute pistol can do 30, against 35-40 shots at PP.
The weight of the gun with a full MAG is 810 g.
Charging PM 9 mm ammunition (pistol ammunition 9x18), the store has a capacity of 8 pieces.
The Length of the gun is 161 mm, height-126,75 mm. the barrel of the Makarov pistol has a 4 thread, caliber 9 mm. cartridge Length for PM is 25 mm, weight cartridge 10 g, and the bullet weighs 6.1 g.
To each gun attached spare magazine, holster, pistol lanyard and wiping.
In the PM is giving a free gate. Due to the elasticity around the barrel return spring and the weight of the gate, there is a locking barrel. The firing mechanism with open trigger, double action. Free drummer, in theory, can lead to spontaneous shot when falling from a great height or other mechanical stress, because it has no springs which would hold it in rear position. But Makarov did not consider this possibility sufficient.
When a shot is struck the hammer on the firing pin, resulting in a broken capsule holder. The powder charge is ignited, the formation of the powder gases under pressure where the bullet ejected from the barrel. The same pressure passing through the bottom liner of gases, away from the shutter. It holds the cartridge ejector, thereby compressing the return spring. Upon contact with the reflector casing through the ejection port POPs out.
Another difference with “PP” - reload when the safety. In PP not lock the shutter, so there is a possibility to recharge, and PM the shutter is locked. The pistol can be put on the fuse after the store is inserted, and the chamber sent in addition to the cartridge. Safely removed, cocked the trigger, he stepped back from the drummer is locked as well as outgoing when the safety is forward the trigger.
“PP” the arm guard before shooting you need to bring in a top position and PM – at the bottom, which are easier. He is left at the rear of the bolt. When shooting a feature: the first pull of the trigger produced after lowering the fuse box will require greater effort (approximately 3.5 kg) as the trigger is at safety and is used samosvat gun. In subsequent shots the hammer will already be shown in the cocking position and the shot will need a little pressing (1.5 kg), from which also a lot depends on the rate of combat PM.
For greater accuracy, the first shot after removing the gun from the guard it is possible to produce half-cock the hammer manually, the trigger is thus moved back, and in this case, the first shot will also be fairly light pull of the trigger.
The Next shot can be made only after the trigger is released
(as PM is not intended for firing). Each new pressing will lead to fire until, until you have exhausted all the ammo in the store. In this case, the paddle, standing on gate delay remains in the rear position.
The Gun has 32 items, and the followingmain parts:
store.
- shutter delay;
- frame with the trigger guard and barrel;
- handle with screw;
- the trigger (trigger mechanism);
- return spring;
- shutter with the fuse extractor and firing pin.
Firearms, handguns in particular, require constant inspection. This will help to identify defects and to prevent potential problems. Possible complete and incomplete disassembly. Full disassembly can not be done too often, as this accelerates the wear parts of the mechanism, and reduces the service life. Incomplete disassembly is sufficient for the inspection, preventive lubrication or cleaning after shooting, the full is only required when cleaning after extreme weather conditions (getting a gun in the water or snow, the repair or switching to a new grease).
There are a number of rules that must be followed during Assembly and disassembly of the gun:
- disassembly and Assembly is performed on clean surfaces;
- put parts in order of Assembly;
- careful handling mechanisms, without sharp blows and excessive force application;
- when building a few pistols: look at the numbering of the parts, so as not to confuse the details of the guns among themselves.
The Store is removed from the base of the handle. Right hand to embrace her, then take back to failure of the MAG release right thumb and index finger to pull the cover, holding the protruding part. Thus, the extracted store.
You Must ensure that the chamber is missing a bullet, this is necessary to remove the gun from the guard, left hand to hold the paddle far back, putting it on shutter delay, and then inspect the chamber. Right thumb to press the slide delay and lower the shutter.
Followed by the separation of the shutter from the frame. The right hand taking the gun by the handle, the left - drop down trigger guard. Beveling it to the left in the frame, in further analysis to support it in this position the right forefinger.
With his Left hand to hold the paddle far back and lift his back, and due to the action of the return spring, it will move forward, after which it can be separated from the frame. The next step is to return to the place of the trigger guard.
Remove the return spring. Right hand, holding the frame by the handle, removed from the barrel the spring, rotating on itself, with the left hand.
The Build starts in reverse order, returning to the place of the recoil spring. Right hand to pick it up by the handle, and the left to put the spring on the barrel. Important: you must put it on the end where the last coil smaller in diameter compared to the others.
Followed by attaching the shutter to the frame. Right hand holding the frame by the handle, the left hand holding the shutter, to enter into the channel of the stopper, the opposite end of the return spring, and then take in an extreme situation, through the channel of the breech out the muzzle part. Then the rear part of the closure lower on the frame, with longitudinal ledges should be placed in the grooves of the frame. Then lower it, thus tightly pressing the shutter. He is under pressure from the recoil spring will come to the front, then lift up the fuse box.
When assembling the gun does not necessarily produce bias of the trigger guard, as during disassembly. You can raise the rear end of the stopper so that its lower front wall is not buried in the crest of the trigger guard, which restricts the stopper in the backward movement.
At the end – to return to the store at the base of the handle. Holding right-hand gun in the bottom window at the base of the handle to insert the shop holding it between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand. By clicking on the cover, but not any blow with his hand, to bring it to the desired position at which the latch will drop into the ledge, available from the end wall of the store.
To top it off, you need to check whether the assembled. To do this, include fuse, retract and release the shutter. If done correctly, moving a little forward, the shutter needs to stand up to packing delay that will leave it in the rear position. Then the right thumb to drop the shutter on the shutter delay. Under pressure from the recoil spring it will vigorously returned to the forward position. The trigger will be armed. Then you need to lift up the fuse box, then the trigger will be removed from combat platoon and will be blocked.
The firing of the gun while checking the combat is from a distance of 25 m on a circular target with a diameter of 25 cm, which is placed on the shield 1x0. 5 m. If the four holes contained within a circle whose diameter is not more than 15 cm, the accuracy is considered normal. When fired, the bullet has a speed of 315 m/sec.
For a pistol has good accuracy rate. The radius of dispersion when fired from 10 m is 35 mm, 25 m – 75 mm, and with 50 m – 160.
According to the actual rate of PM significantly inferior to PP, but was recognized the best due to the multitude of other characteristics and for more than fifty years, remains in service in Russia, and to compare it with the famous three-line (sniper Mosin rifle, which was in servicethe Russian army from 1881 to 1945). Although the revolver Nagant somewhat superior to them: he stayed in the army for almost 117 years. States that do not have their school production of weapons, as well still use it PM.
Now began a gradual replacement of PM on TL. Combat rate of fire of PM compared with the TT pistol is the difference in 5 rounds per second (35 in TL against 30 PM), as the GOJ has a double row magazine (18 rounds vs 8 in the PM) with the same accuracy. The velocity spans above 100 m/sec. However, the TL some more (198 mm in length vs 168 PM), and heavier (the weight of the TL-910 g with an empty store is 100 g more than the weight of PM with a full store).
There are two rate of fire: technical and military. Technical is determined by how many bullets per minute could produce a weapon, excluding the time required to reload and sight (which can vary from 1.5 seconds from handguns, up to 20-30 sec at a tip anti-aircraft guns horizontal and vertical).
Determining what is the rate of combat Makarov gun of 9 mm, in practice, one should consider also the possibility the shooter and weather conditions, which often increase the time required for aiming. The average for all semi-automatic pistols: 30-40 rounds per second. APS (Automatic pistol Stechkin) gives indicators 40/90 shots per second (shooting single shots and turn, respectively). Therefore, the rate of combat PM mostly depends on the shooter and the time required to change the store.
According to the rate of PM, as well as the TT was superior to the outdated revolver Nagant, though at the last there were two versions, soldier and officer. In the officers ' "Revolver" there was a device samutpada. However, all the weapons produced in Russia, is similar: reliability and ease of use, simplicity in bad weather conditions (although this does not negate the need for cleaning) and high maintainability. Was no exception and the Makarov pistol. The price was always acceptable, although “Gun” and demanded in the production of relatively highly skilled workers.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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