Paulinic beautiful - deadly poisonous mushroom. Description and photo

You heard of such a mushroom-like paulinic? And it turns out, is deadly poisonous! Detailed information you will find in the article.

Paulinic beautiful – a deadly poisonous mushroom

Consider a Photo of the fungus is presented to your attention in the article. Paulinic beautiful (reddish) – is a poisonous mushroom of the genus Pautinki, family Putannikov. The people also called Pribaltika. They cannot be eaten neither raw nor cooked, because the toxins contained in them induce the development of renal failure. This genus includes at least 40 species. Some are poisonous, some are edible and some – conditionally edible. By their appearance, these mushrooms are quite similar, so they are often confused. This suggests that it is better not to collect without proper knowledge and Partinico, and about mushrooms in General. And to decide to eat this mushroom for food, you need to be 100 % sure what kind of cortinarius you have found.

Until the 1950-ies it was thought that these mushrooms you can eat. And only as a result of the large number registered in 1957, the incidents of poisoning Partinico orange-red, and later Partinico beautiful, it was decided to transfer these mushrooms to deadly poisonous. These two species are the most toxic.

Appearance

Width of the cap ranges from 4 to 9 cm, starts from the conical shape, flowing into a flat open, with a mound in the center. The outer layer is dry, velvety and matte with a fibrous structure. Color-reddish orange or reddish brown, Central part darker. Upon contact with water does not increase in size.

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Plates are planted infrequently, they are broad, thick. First, the color of the hat, then changes to reddish-brown. Young mushrooms can be noticed cobweb cover yellow-ohranoy color.

The Stem is cylindrical, widening or tapering at the base, with a length of 60-100 mm and a thickness of 4-10 mm On the fibrous coating can be detected curves corbels barely a yellow tint.

The Pulp has a light orange or yellow-brown hue with a bad smell.

Trace of spores rusty-brown. Their size-8-8. 5 µm, shape – broad-elliptic or almost spherical with a warty outer layer. Cheilocystidia almost never occur.

Growing

Paulinic beautiful - deadly poisonous mushroom found in Europe in many regions. In our regions they are grown in the Central and Northern part. You can see these mushrooms in the mountainous areas on the hillsides. They are pretty rare.

How to grow

Most of the fungus grows in oak and old coniferous forests, where the common light sandy soil. Raw green spruce forests with sphagnum mosses are also favorable for growth.

Poisonous spores may disperse to other areas with the air flow and resulting in tactile contact. Forms mycorrhiza with spruce.

Fruits in July, up to the formation on the basis of the first frost. Near clusters of cortinarius the most beautiful you can find other species of this genus.

Paulinic beautiful - deadly poisonous mushroom: types

In our territories can be detected up to 40 species of fungi of this genus, and only 2 of them are edible. Some of them are so dangerous that they equate to the Amanita pantherina. The vast majority of mushrooms are inedible simply.

Find the difference among all these types can only specialists that says that it is better to avoid.

Species

Paulinic mountain – another poisonous mushroom, the use of which can lead to death. The width of his hat-30-80 mm, at first it is convex, and when the mushroom ages, its shape becomes flat in the Central part is a flat tubercle. The outer layer – dry. The color varies from yellow-brown to reddish-brown. Leg height – 40-90 mm, and its width – 10-20 mm. At the bottom of it already. The surface of the cap and the stem fibrous.

Paulinic edible – a species of mushroom that can be eaten. The second of his name – fat. It 50-80 mm hat has a thick fleshy structure that is wrapped to the ground edges. Over the life cycle, it becomes flat, slightly depressed, form. Its color is grayish white, and the surface – moist. The leg has a height of 20-30 mm and a width of 15-20 mm, it is dense, without bends.

Paulinic protective mucosal – conditionally edible mushroom. It should not be confused with pautinka slimy. Hat has a diameter of 100-120 mm. at First it has a bell-shaped form that becomes flat with a curved edge. The color of the cap varies between yellowish brown and brown. Whole mushroom coated with slime. Leg reaches 200 mm in length, it resembles a spindle. Its colour – white, meets with a bluish tint. On the leg it is possible to detect particles in the form of lumps and rings.

There is another similar deadly poisonous species – pautinki brilliant. It is quiterare. It's very easy to see the bright yellow hat, covered in slime. Found in coniferous forests.

Paulinic beautiful (deadly poisonous mushroom, species of which were presented to your attention above), you can still be confused with some suitable for eating mushrooms. It gigafor scarlet, mlecnik camphor and kind of Armillaria – Armillaria golubyeva. The main difference from a poisonous mushroom of Armillaria is available on its leg buff belts and red plates – honey white or light yellow.

Classification

What else is known about this mushroom, as paulinic beautiful? Deadly poisonous mushroom, a classification which includes the following information:

• Netcarta-a Eukaryote.
• The Kingdom – Mushrooms.
• Podtsarstvo – Higher fungi.
• Department – the Basidiomycetes.
• Sub – Agaricomycotina.
• Class – Agaricomycetes.
• Subclass – Agaricales.
• The Family – Putannikov.
• The Family – Pautinki.
• Subgenus – Leprosie.
• View – Pautinki beautiful.
• World scientific name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

Toxic substances

Paulinic beautiful - a rare deadly poisonous mushroom that contains a very strong toxin complex polypeptide-orellanine. It does not lose its toxic quality after treatment with high temperatures, placing it in different acidic conditions and drying. Toxicity is greatly reduced only under the influence of ultraviolet and solar radiation. This mushroom contains 7.5 mg orellanine for every 1 g of dried mushrooms.

Experts believe that in addition to orellanine, the mushrooms are an extra 2 polypeptide – Kartinkin A and B, which determine the totality of symptoms in a patient's complaints. The joint presence of these 3 components revealed only 2 species of fungi of the family: cortinarius beautiful (reddish) and orange-red.

Main symptoms, and how quickly they manifest

Due to the large number of studies, it is determined that the main body, which affects orellanine are kidneys. Because of its joint with the metabolites of exposure, in the epithelial cells of the kidneys produce free radicals, is the destruction of cellular membranes, suppression of alkaline phosphatase and protein production, as well as damage to the structure of RNA and DNA.

Damage to the body can cause even a small amount of the product. 40 g of freshly harvested mushrooms were used as food, can lead to death. That's why to save their life it is recommended not to pay attention to pautinki brown-red hue, and do not collect mushrooms at all suspicious.

The Clinical picture of the syndrome orellanine by and large depends on individual susceptibility to the toxin. In case of poisoning Partinico beautiful, there are four stages of the disease.

The Particular danger of poisoning orellanine is that the symptoms as a result of its contact with the body can appear only after a long period of time, when it's too late, and about the use of mushrooms all safely forgotten. There are cases where symptoms appear after 7-14 days. During poisoning, the patient may experience nausea, a great need to drink, feeling of dryness and burning in the oral cavity, may experience vomiting, painful manifestations in the abdomen. This state may last from 1 to 2 weeks. If not promptly seek help, then it is possible a lethal outcome. In special cases, when the patient's condition is very severe, death may occur even after 5 months after eating the poisonous mushroom.

In case of a short lethal stage, within 2-3 days, formed acute renal failure with prolonged oligoanuria stage. More likely to suffer from diseases children and the elderly.

If the nephropathy is withheld long enough, then in 30-50 % of cases followed by the formation of chronic renal failure.