Granite (rock): characteristic and properties. Deposits of granite

From the Latin “granite” is translated as “grain”. It is a massive granular volcanic rock, formed during the gradual cooling and hardening of magma at sufficient depth. It's also possible its origin during metamorphism, in other words, when granitization of different species. Very often the arrays from granite attributed to magmatic, metamorphic and mixed provenance. Granite-rock, the most common in the earth's crust.

Given its characteristics, we can say that this is a very durable material, whereby in construction, it is very common. One of the most important characteristics of the breed is its high durability.

Quality

1. Strength. Granite-rock, which is characterized by resistance to abrasion, compression and friction. It is a very dense stone (compression strength is 90-250 MPa).
2. Durability. fine-Grained granite is beginning to show the first signs of failure after 500 years, whereupon it is also called the “eternal” stone.
3. The Resistance to acids and weathering. Granite is the best stone for exterior decoration of houses.
4. Sustainability. the Natural radiation level of the main quantity of granite corresponds to the first class. In other words, they are radiation safe, and therefore suitable for all types of construction.
5. Water Resistant. This is a great feature granite. Moisture it almost does not absorb. That is why the stone is suitable for cladding of buildings, embankments, etc.
6. The Richness of textures. Unpolished rough stone, which absorbs light, and polished to beautiful Shine, showing to the world the light game inclusions of mica — decorative possibilities of such a mineral is able to translate the most complex ideas of designers.
7. A Huge color palette. the Most common is the grey mineral, although it is also found red granite, orange, pink, bluish green, bluish gray.
8. Compatibility with other materials. It goes well with metal, wood, ceramics and other materials that are used in today's construction. He can “fit” in every interior — from cutting edge to classic.

Granite the grain size is divided into:

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If we consider fine-grained stone, granite feature of this type will be very different from the rest. This group is opposed to mechanical stress much better. If you use it wears more evenly when heated, less crack resistant to weathering.

This group is the most expensive and high quality. Is destruction resistance, water resistance and high strength. Coarse-grained samples are characterized by lack of resistance. When heated above 600C, they begin to crack and increase in volume. Which is why sometimes in homes after fires can often see the cracked granite stairs and steps.

Despite the great density and strength, stone is easily processed: polished, polished and cut. Has excellent thermal conductivity, which is often used for heaters.

Of Course, the above characteristics are considered as advantages of this material. But the granite stone also has disadvantages. The main disadvantage is its high weight, due to which he is one of the hardest materials. This characteristic must be taken into account when creating construction projects.

Structural and chemical composition

The Granit – rock that has a granular-crystalline structure. Enriched with alkali-rich silicate, and iron, magnesium and calcium contains in smaller amounts.

The composition of the mineral in its secondary meanings:

• Feldspar — 60-65%;
• Quartz — 25-30%;
• Dark-colored minerals — 5-10%.

The colour of the rock in the first place depends on the nature of feldspars present in the composition. Often its color is grey with different shades: red, pink, gray-blue, orange, sometimes blue-green.

In addition, the formation of shade is influenced by mafic components. These elements often give the rock a dark color, usually greenish. Example is yantsevsky granite.

But the quartz is often colourless, therefore, the character of color are not affected. Sometimes you can find a black mineral with quartz, at least – lilac-pink. Very rare are considered to be minerals with blue quartz. The most decorative features - fine-grained light gray specimens with a blue tint. In addition, a very popular blue-green and red granite.

Appearance

As mentioned above, a mineral widely used in construction. This is easily explained. Granite-sedimentary rock that is perfectly polished. The obtained mirror surface is retained for a long period of time and in the case of using the material in the outer lining.

Also, the stone can be easily processed, easily becomesdifferent shapes. Relief texture of the surface of the granite emphasizes the monumentality of the buildings, gives an interesting decorative effect of the play of light and shade.

However, some types of decorative stone texture get only after heat treatment. This applies mostly to light gray colors which become after treatment almost sugar-white.

Fields

The Main form of occurrence are considered to be a batholith. They represent a large array of area of a few hectares. Most often, the species occurs in the form of stocks, dikes and other Intrusive bodies. Sometimes the mineral forms several tabular bodies, alternating with sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

If we talk about granite Deposit, the latter is found on each of the continents. Basically he comes to the surface in the areas that were folded ancient rocks, where erosion and denudation process occurred the destruction of the overlying deposits.

So, in the United States, this species occurs in the North of the country, along the Atlantic ocean, in the mountains of the black hills and Central plateau of the Ozarks. Stone is mined in Georgia, Wisconsin, South Dakota and Vermont.

Also it is common in our country. In the former Soviet Union there are about 200 fields. The largest of them: Mokrenski, Malachowski, Mikashevichi.

In Russia granite is more prevalent in the Karelian-Kola region, in Eastern Siberia, the Urals, the far East and the Caucasus. Today, there are about fifty fields in which the piece is extracted the mineral. Granite rubble and booth mined in the lake Ladoga area, prionezhje, in the Arkhangelsk and Voronezh regions, in the Karelian isthmus, in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, Khabarovsk territory and the Primorye territory, in Eastern Transbaikalia. Excellent decorative characteristics of different pieces produced in the North-West of the country, in addition, valued and amazonite types of Transbaikalia and Ilmen mountains. Many of the fields does not work constantly, mostly on gravel and booth. In them, as necessary, extract blocks of granite of them are made of ceramic plates.

There are several kinds of granite, we consider in the article below.

Gabbro-diabase

This is a solid, homogeneous, granite mountain black shade with small specks of grey. Excellent accumulates and then gives the heat throughout the mass uniformly heated, the longest species does not lose the quality of polishing and artistic properties.

This stone is building materials of the 1st class. It does not emit any harmful contaminants, it is not radioactive. While the Karelian gabbro-diabase – a unique rock formation that has no analogues in other regions of our country.

The Mineral used for the production of road block stone (tile block, pavement paving, curbs), for the manufacture of interior and various ritual items, in precision engineering, for landscaping, as a ground stone in the construction. Ideal for interior decoration and facing of facades of buildings, is partially in rubble and booth, is used for heaters in saunas and steam baths.

In the world there are 3 main mining area is a block of stone

• Ukrainian gabbro-diabase, which in quality is inferior Karelian, although cheaper by almost half. It contains a huge number of iron impurities, and it degrades the quality of the finished goods, in this case painted on the stone figure quickly fades.
• Australian gabbro-diabase similar to Karelian in quality, though standing much more expensive.
• Karelian gabbro-diabase, which has a black color, a low degree of abrasion, high decorative properties, durability, frost resistance, long keeps a picture printed on it.

Based on the ratio of quality and price, on the Karelian gabbro-diabase is usually a higher demand. However, he every year is steadily increasing. The popularity of the use of Karelian mineral due to its durability and strength. This stone is almost not affected by the negative environmental impact. It is much longer than the marble retains the properties, and the first signs of damage become apparent only after a hundred years.

"Shanxi black" (Chinese granite)

Chinese granite-rock in black, which is considered one of the best in the world. It is produced in Northern China, in Shanxi province. Its main advantage — rich and deep black color with a small amount of inclusions. It is used for lining of facades, interior finishing, manufacturing of goods for different purposes, monuments and statues.

Shoksha

This raspberry granite, the price of which is very accessible – about 10 000 RUB./t mined in the Republic of Karelia. It differs durability and high strength. Experts say that the products for more than 600 years will not lose its shape. He adorned mausoleums, palaces, monuments. Inscriptions and engraved portrait on the Shoksha look contrast.

“Kapustin” granite

It is uneven and coarse, rose-red, brightest, massive, decorative granite, which reviews are talking about its incredible beauty. Area of use suitable for the production of pedestals, as well as other architectural structures, for finishing of elements of constructions and buildings, in places where the high architectural expressiveness.Used in the decoration of the Shrine of Remembrance, located at Poklonnaya hill, Manege square. Mine is in the Kirov region, Ukraine.

Labradorite

It is a natural stone which is mining and granular-crystalline rock. Felspar appear in the igneous depths. They mainly consist of plagioclase, which is feldspar. The structure of crystalline minerals. It is divided into medium-grained and coarse-grained rocks.

Labradorite – is a type anorthosites. They got the name from its original field – the so-called Peninsula in Canada. Today the extraction of natural stone happens in other countries, including Ukraine and Finland. In Russia there are also large deposits. The first mineral structures have been found in Kievan Rus – then this granite was used exclusively as a facing stone, then they began to decorate the monumental buildings.

Basically, this granite gray or black. Mafic minerals just give the stone a beautiful dark hue. The main properties of labradorite is their frost resistance and high strength. Therefore, these stones are most often used for exterior finishing of buildings.

Moreover, granite is distinguished by structural and textural properties.

Porphyry

This Ural granite contains elongated or isometric inclusions, which from the bulk of different sizes (can be up to 10 centimeters). Usually represented by orthoclase, quartz and microcline.

Pegmatoid

This is a granite rock with a characteristic uniform granularity. The size of inclusions of feldspar and quartz – about 3 inches.

The Finland granite

This granite-an igneous rock with a characteristic rounded numerous inclusions of orthoclase red hue value up to five centimeters, surrounded by a border of gray-green or gray oligoclase. The role of the main mass of it is the Assembly of grains of orthoclase, plagioclase, hornblende, quartz and biotite.

Gasometry

The Ural granite is a uniformly fine-grained normal stone with the characteristic roughly parallel orientation of the grains of hornblende or mica flakes.

Granite Pegmatite

One of the most common varieties is considered a pegmatite granite is composed of Muscovite, quartz and orthoclase. The typical representative of this kind – the so-called written granite, in which feldspar grows small entities quartz wedge thin shape.

Leznikovsky granite

A Particular strength and popularity of different red and pink-red leznikovsky granite, named after the name of its field. It should be noted that thus referred to many types granite. For example, a red stone mezhdurechenskiy, Simonovsky, toky, Emel, kapustinskaya. But korninsky grey granite, sometimes, pokostovsky, gilewski, Sophia.

Pieces

One Other interesting variety of the mineral is rapakivi. It is a porphyry formation with a high content of Ovodov.

White granite

Also Found white granite. What rock is, I can assure you not all. This concept is more of a collective, as white is called white stones, and other minerals light shades. Color can change from pearl gray to light green.

Usage

In today's construction granite is so widely used, that it can be called a truly versatile material.

Interior Details

Eaves, window sills, railings, baseboards, countertops, bar counters, coffee tables, columns, balusters — high strength stone will allow you to order these products from granite, they will not be harmed.

Stairs, floors

Granite is a material with a low degree of abrasion. If in your apartment the stairs will be the year of a million people, wipe it off stage they will be able to a maximum of 0.12 mm.

Interior and exterior finishing

Granite is very ergonomic material, which can provide you a very comfortable stay in the structure.

Landscape design

A Rockery, Alpine garden, ornamental ponds, Japanese gardens made of granite, your site will give uniqueness and naturalness.

Borders, pavers for bridge, steps

Granite is used successfully in places which require a huge "endurance". Mineral resistant to chemical contamination, mechanical stress and temperature changes, as their properties do not change over many cycles of thawing and freezing.

Facing embankments

Granite almost does not absorb moisture, and thus in the pores of the stone when the temperature of frozen water is not formed, an internal pressure that can lead to the destruction of rocks and formation of cracks.

Granite paving

The Use of paving blocks of this stone thousands of years. On the famous cobbled Roman roads and today you can walk, streets of paving stones you can find in the old part of every European capital; in the modern world, when the processing of granite from the masters notcauses any difficulty, the stone of the road is also gradually replacing concrete and asphalt.

Magical properties

It Might seem at first glance that granite, photos of which are presented in this article does not have any magical properties, since in modern apartments and houses it is widely used for decoration, and therefore carries only an aesthetic component. But there is evidence that this mineral is able human life make the best.

In the old days, granite was erected baths. She has always been the most clean place where people could relax. Here we are speaking not only about the attractiveness and the external gloss of the stone, but that the mineral can protect the room and the person from negative energy.

There is a famous phrase: “to Gnaw granite of science”. In everyday life she came not by accident. Granite (what the rock meant, does not matter) has the properties to stimulate communication skills and intellectual activities.

Red granite man helps to find common ground with the world, enhances intuition, while its owner makes it more responsive and flexible.

Healing properties

Granite, a photo of which you can see in our review, has a wide range of medicinal properties which can facilitate the course of different serious diseases. Among them pneumonia, asthma, cardiovascular disease, bronchitis.

Stone colds helps to reduce the temperature has a positive effect on the spine and joints when they have problems.

Mascot

The Granit – this is the best talisman for the people, devoted his life to pedagogy or science. Mineral sharpens intuition, enhances memory, develops rational thinking, etc.

Products made of granite can be a great amulets for lecturers and teachers, they are able to help to approach a stubborn and difficult pupils, and to gain their authority.

The Granit – is a mineral with absolute positive energy, which does not cause harm to anyone, therefore, to fear it not worth it.

Granite:

Because granite is very popular in construction, where, by the way, has been used for hundreds of years, the reviews about it to find not difficult. Almost all who had to deal with this wonderful material, admired for its high strength and excellent characteristics. A few other scares its cost. But in this case it is necessary to consider that different types of mineral can be different price. So you can always find a suitable option for yourself.