The Azov sea: salinity, depth. Characterization of the Azov sea

The sea of Azov in Russia became known in the 1st century ad, Our ancestors called it the Blue sea. Later, after it was formed Tmutarakan Principality, it received a new name - Russian. With the fall of the Principality was repeatedly renamed the sea of Azov. It was called Maiotis, Salasar, Samakus, etc. At the beginning of the 13th century, a designation Sakcinski sea. Added to the list of the Tatar-Mongolian conquerors. They called him Salmon-dengiz (translation - "fish sea"), and CABAC-dengiz (bream, cubicle sea). According to some reports, the result of the transformation of the word "Kabak" turned into "Azov", hence the name today. However, these guesses are anything significant is not confirmed.

The Most reliable is considered to be the origin of the modern name from the city of Azov. Only during the famous Azov campaigns made by Peter I, the name that was assigned to the reservoir.

The Salinity of the Azov sea before and after the regulation of the don

Primarily influenced by inflow of water from rivers (which make up 12% of the total volume of water), as well as the complexity of the exchange with the Black sea formed hydrochemical characteristics of a water body like the sea of Azov. Its salinity was three times less than the average salinity of the ocean, to the regulation of the don. From 1 ppm to 10.5 and 11.5 (respectively, at the mouth of the don, in the Central part and in the Kerch Strait) has changed its value. However, after it was created Tsimlyansky dam, has started to increase the salinity of the sea of Azov, reaching in the Central part up to 13 ppm. Rarely reach 1% seasonal fluctuations in quantities.

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Water of the Azov sea today

Little salt contains water of Azov sea. Salinity is the main factor because of which it easily freezes. Before the advent of the icebreakers we are interested in the reservoir was non-navigable in the period from December to mid-April. Water resources of the Azov sea as the sea route is therefore used only in warm time of the year.

Practical all of the most significant rivers flowing into it, was during the 20th century blocked by dams to create reservoirs. This fact has led to the fact that the discharge of silt and freshwater has decreased significantly.

Water balance

Mainly from the inflow of fresh waters of the various rivers, atmospheric precipitation over the sea, and from incoming waters of the Black sea and their consumption on runoff and evaporation across the Kerch Strait depends on the water regime of a water body like the sea of Azov, salinity of which we are interested. The following is its water balance. Kuban, don and other rivers flowing into this sea, bringing total to 38.8 cubic kilometers of fresh water. 13,8 is on the surface of its average precipitation from the atmosphere. Annually through the Kerch Strait joins waters approximately 31.2 per cubic km. are the resources of the Black sea. Of the Sivash Strait, called Slim, in addition, enters the sea about 0.3 cubic kilometers. 84,1 km is a total rise of water. Consumption consists of the amount of evaporation from the surface (around 35.5 cubic km) drain via the Kerch Strait (47,4 KMI), and runoff in the Sivash Strait Thin (1.4 cubic meters. km). That is, it is also equal to 84,1.

The Ratio of runoff to total volume

The ratio of the total volume of sea, river discharge is greatest of all other seas on the planet. If exceeded, the atmospheric and river waters over their evaporation from the surface, this would lead to raising the level and increasing desalination, if there was no water exchange with the Black sea, in which to establish a favorable habitat for commercial fish salinity.

Distribution of salinity of Azov water

The Following is distributed at present in this reservoir, as the sea of Azov, salinity. It reaches 17.5% at the depths of the Prykerchenska area. Here it receives the salt water of the Black sea. Here the salinity is 17.5%. The Central part is on this parameter is uniform. The figure is here 12-12,5%. Only a small area is 13%. The salinity of the water in the Taganrog Bay to the mouth of the don (the river that flows into the sea of Azov) is reduced to 1.3%.

In early summer and spring because the melting of ice, as well as a substantial inflow into the sea of river water salinity decreases slightly. In winter and autumn it is about the same from surface to bottom. The largest salinity of the Azov sea is observed in the Sivash, which separate the shallow Bay, and the lowest - in the Taganrog Bay.

Depth of the sea of Azov

The sea of Azov belongs to the flat. It represents the low slopes of the coast shallow pond.

The greatest depth of the sea of Azov commonly does not exceed 15 meters and the average is at around 8. Depth up to 5 meters occupying territory larger than half of its area. The volume of the sea is also small, it is 320 cubic meters. Let's say for comparison that is almost 2 times according to this parameter it is superior to the Aral sea. Almost 11 timesmore Azov, Black, and the volume is already in 1678 times.

The sea of Azov, however, not so such small. For example, it is freely two such European countries as Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The maximum length of this sea is 380 kilometers and a width of 200. 2686 kilometers - the total length of which is coastline.

Submarine topography

A Very simple underwater relief of the sea. Basically, slowly increase the depth as the distance from the coast. Characterization of the Azov sea from the point of view of the relief the following. In its centre are the great depths. The bottom is almost flat. The sea of Azov are several bays, the largest of which are the Temryuk, Taganrog, and siwash, it is strongly detached. The latter would be more correct to consider the estuary. On the sea of Azov there are almost no large Islands. There are a number of shoals, which are partly filled with water. They are located near the coast. For example, the island Turtle, Herald and others.

This Is the main characteristic of the sea of Azov from the point of view of salinity, depth and relief.

Recovery of the sea

Because, as we mentioned, the sea of Azov is very shallow water during the summer months it stays warm. It is always a few degrees warmer than, for example, in Black. The mild climate and beautiful weather make for the optimal holiday resorts located on the coast.

The Water of this sea is considered curative. In addition, the sand also contains many substances that impact beneficially on the human body. The waters have a large number of useful chemical elements which perfectly penetrate into the process of bathing the body through the skin surface.

Swimming in the sea, in addition, is a great massage. Moderate and stable regime of solar radiation, which is typical for Azov, allowing you to take courses sunbathing regularly. A great place for this - the beaches of the Azov sea.

From all this we can conclude that our pond is a great place for recovery. This place will be suitable for the prevention of various cardiovascular diseases, but will also impact positively on the respiratory system of the body, improve its tone.