Uterus hornet: description, size. The hornet's nest. What threat hornet for a person

People are surrounded by a great variety of animals. The hornets are perfectly familiar to us, but people don't like them. This insect causes fear, and sometimes panic and terror. It is able to attack the person and hurt to bite him. The venom of hornets can cause allergic reactions and multiple stings can be fatal. If you experience anaphylactic shock, you must provide immediate medical attention. At the same time the hornet is useful. These individuals - great architects and builders! The question is, what's our attitude towards them.

Hornets – social insects

The people call them pirates. Other names - the "winged dogs", "flying tigers". Here is the biological classification of hornets:

• The class of insects (Insecta);
• The order Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera);
• OS family skladchatosti paper (Saveliev).

The World has twenty-three types of hornets and many of their subspecies. In some European countries they are under state protection. So, for example, in Germany in the destruction of nests of these insects, a penalty of 50 thousand euros. Hornet ordinary lives of numerous colonies or families, which include: females, males and working individuals. By the end of August-beginning of September, the number of colonies can reach 400–800.

The family can be several females, but the uterus hornet only one. At the same time to prevent mating and deposition of fertilized eggs of other females the main uterus secretes a special scent (Pheromone), and minor lay unfertilized, from which hatch only drones. Hornets live in earthen nests, opt for the dwelling of a hollow tree, designated under round roofs, on fences. Nests are made of saliva, chewing the wood. The first spring generation is composed of working adults. Autumn — this females and males. For the winter are only the fetal specimens. They go dormant.

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Production hornet destroys ordinary blow sting. Another way – the gap of the victim with their jaws on the part. Food predators become different insects, including nocturnal. Caught a bee hornet kills and drains. The breast victim carries to the nest for feeding your brood.

The day a large family of birds of prey catches up to 500 grams of insects. In the garden and the garden of the hornets.

They Feed on the juice of Mature fruit trees and nectar easily accessible flowers.

Protein food needed by the uterus for the toil — deposits eggs. The hornets barely sleep, only freeze for half a minute about 20-25 times per night and do not move.

Dimensions and description

The Front half of the chest the uterus yellow. The head has the same color. The first two rings are dark brown with yellow stripes, and the rest — yellow with brown spots. From 25 to 35 millimeters, has a length of uterus hornet. The sizes of males and workers are smaller.

Of the uterus and working individuals have the sting – it is a modified ovipositor. At the top of the head on the sides are three simple large compound eyes. They have a hornet are reddish-orange in color, and the shape resembles the letter S. the Mouthparts chewing type are equipped with very strong mandibles. The body is covered with hairs. For the development of ovaries and production of eggs uterus hornet needs food rich in proteins. For successful hibernation in August-September of the uterus and accumulates abundantly nourished by the so-called fat body.

The Lifecycle and peculiarities of the existence of a family of hornets

In the Spring, in late may, after hibernation wakes up the womb. She's making reconnaissance flights in search of a place to the bottom of the nest. Finding a suitable, laid the first hexagonal cell and attaches to them later. Soon each cell will be delayed in the egg, and after 8 days they will develop larvae, and after 12–15 of them, the result is a metamorphosis, there will be a hornet.

Before you start breeding the uterus hornet purposefully defines and lays eggs which hatch drones or future of the uterus. This is controlled by the return of sperm.

By the middle of June the construction of the nest will be engaged in working individuals, and the uterus will be only to lay eggs.

Since September, there are young individuals. Since that time, the old uterus hornet is neglected. Her ability to lay eggs significantly weakened, and those that are made, — in a few minutes are consumed by workers. So the uterus leaves the hive and dies at the age of about one year.

Workers feed passive females and males. Absorbing a large amount of proteins and carbohydrates, a young uterus is stored the necessary reserves for the long winter. Uneducated cocoons it feeds the workers and the drones.

Fall is mating. The mother young animals can be fertilized several times. Males die within two weeks. Fertilized of the uterus are looking to protected wintering refuge. Diapause occurs.

In early November die the last of the working individuals. In the hive disappear signs of life. Most of the young Queens will survive the winter.

Hornets – builders and architects

When settling a hornet's nest, insects involves rotten wood. It is subject to chewing and mixing with saliva. From the resulting substances are built honeycombs. Shellthe nest also consists of it. Glue – also saliva. The dried surface is analogous to the corrugated paper. The color depends on type of wood. The nest is not used in the second year. After winter, in spring, the uterus finds a comfortable place for the new nest. To the ceiling she secures little feet. It made the first cell. Housing expansion always occurs from top to bottom, the notches is in the bottom. A big nest of hornets has 6 tiers. The size of the largest attain a diameter of half a meter.

Alarms

Just like other insects, hornets are able to unite the whole nest and sting of the enemy for self-protection. It is very dangerous! Feeling threatened, sting releases a pheromone alarm. This substance activates fellows to attack. Not worth it to kill a hornet near the nest. Distress signals are able to raise the entire family to revenge the offender.

As a Starting signal for the attack can be different materials according to their chemical properties are able to make contact with the pheromone, including clothing, skin, seasoning food.

Wasps

In the scientific Latin hornet is an insect that is designated as Vespa — «wasp». Vespula – indicates the normal rod OS (literally translated as “osicka”). In science, there is a clear classification of this type of insects, but in real life is confusion when distinguishing the big hornets and other representatives. These wasps are smaller and are bright yellow with a black color, while the hornet is an insect in darker colors.

There are large wasps are called hornets. A special place among them is spotted Dolichovespula Maculata. She lives in North America. In English it is called the Bald-faced hornet, just like the real hornets. It has a black color and stripes in ivory. Most likely, hornets, wasps called because of their habit of creating nests overhead. Another is the Australian hornet Abispa Ephippium – solitary wasps.

Benefit or harm?

In the literature on forest hornet is often presented as a dirty dog, which is necessary to neutralize, as it nibbles thin bark of trees. It leads curled rings of branches that die off. This damage, compared with those caused by other wild animals, very small. In the garden or yard it is good to have a hornet's nest! Interesting fact: one day a large family of predatory insects are capable of destroying more than five hundred grams of harmful insects. They catch live prey and rarely taken for carrion.

But these are the main natural enemies for the common worker bees. Voracious big hornet and his fellow giants will RAID bee nests in order to eat their honey and larvae. Among the known cases: thirty large hornets destroyed 3 thousand bees for a half hour. His victim hornets are crushed with powerful jaws. Bees also have developed ways of protection: carbon dioxide and heat. Getting into the "bee ball” with a high temperature, the hornet will kill women in ten minutes. In addition, in the ball dramatically increases the concentration of carbon dioxide.

How to get rid of hornets on the plot?

Unlike other wasps, hornets hard lure baits honey or jam. Starting to struggle in early spring. At this time, the wasps are in the early stages of construction of their nests. First inspect all buildings, especially rarely visited.

Found nests sprayed with potent insecticides, and then take off and burn. When they are large is difficult. Effective poisoned baits toxic chemicals from meat and fish beef that hornets are often used for rearing larvae. They put them in places inaccessible to Pets. Adult insects produce a variety of sweet trap, especially with a beer or fermented kvass.

Why and what threat hornet

For humans the venom of most species of hornets are less toxic than a bee's. After the injection tip remains in the wound. But this insect can sting multiple times. Lethal properties of the venom is bound to the content of majoritatea high concentration of toxic substances, causing destruction of tissues of the human body.

If the hornet has produced a lot of poison, there is a severe inflammatory reaction. What threat hornet for a person? With high individual sensitivity, the consequences can be very severe. If shots were many, as happens when a disturbed nest of hornets, the deadly outcome is possible. Japan has a sad statistics: annually, having received the sting of a giant hornet kills about forty people. The venom of the Asian species in highly toxic. European species smaller and not as poisonous. On a scale of pain sting Schmidt pain from hitting the hornet is roughly comparable to the same from honeybees and is located on the middle level of the scale as moderately strong.

As a rule, fears of a hornet exaggerated: his bite is disproportionate to the size of an insect.