Transport to France: types, development

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2018-04-23 16:00:47

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Transport in France relies on one of the densest networks in the world with 146 km of road and 6.2 km of rail lines per 100 km2. It is built as a web with Paris at its centre.

History

The First important contributions to the development of transport of France became the Roman roads linking major settlements and providing fast passage to marching armies. In the middle Ages improvements were not enough. Transport became slow and awkward to use. In the early modern period there was a significant improvement.

transport in France

It Was a very quick production of canals connecting rivers. There have been great changes in oceanic shipping. Expensive galleys, wind power ships, which were much faster and had more space for cargo, has become popular for coastal trade.

Transatlantic voyages from the New world turned cities such as Nantes, Bordeaux, Cherbourg-Octeville and Le Havre, in the major ports.

Development of different types of transport in France

Rail transport in France is mainly performed by the French national railway company SNCF. France has the second largest railway network in Europe with a total length of 29 901 kilometer.

development of transport of France

However, the railroad is a small part of the entire trip, which is less than 10% of passengers. Since 1981, the SNCF operates high-speed rail network TGV, and in subsequent years steadily expanded.

France is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC).

Rail transport

A Characteristic jump in the development of rail transport in France dates from 1832, when it was launched the first French railway. In 1842, French railway is highly polarized by Paris. The traffic concentrated on the main lines: 78% of activity is done on 30% of the network (8900 km) when the 46% smaller lines (13,600 km) result in movement of 6% of the traffic.

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For 366 of the largest stations (12%) accounted for 85% of passenger activity, and at least 56% of stations accounted for only 1.7% of traffic.

Freight

Freight transport has declined since the early 1980-ies. Today the network is primarily oriented towards passengers. From 1 January 2007, the freight market is open to the adherence agreements of the European Union (EU Directive 91/440).

distinctive features of development of transport of France

Network

The French railway network is a network of commercial use of lines 29213 km, of which 9408 km electrified.

Trains go to the left, except in Alsace and Moselle, where the first track was built in a time when these regions were part of Germany.

Current status

French high-speed train "service searching" (TET) are in decline, with old infrastructure and rolling stock. Travel to great Britain through a tunnel under the English channel in recent years has improved, now the passengers are able to travel directly to Marseille, Avignon and Lyon.

"evrostar" also introduces a new class 374 trains and carries out major repairs of the existing class 373.

air transport of France

International transport forum described the current status of French Railways in his paper entitled "efficiency of French Railways" as follows:

  • The undeniable Success of the TGV (Crozet, 2013). Work began in September 1975, the first high-speed rail (HSR) between Paris and Lyon, and it was opened in September 1981. New high-speed lines were opened in 1989 (South-West), in 1993 (North) etc. high speed network currently it takes 2000 km and reach more than 2,600 km in 2017 with the opening of the four lines currently under construction.
  • Rail transport was much less successful. In 2001, the French network was carrying 55 tons per billion, but in 2013 this figure had barely reached 32 billion tons per. This weak performance contrasts sharply with the ambitious public policy of the last fifteen years. Greensky environmental forum (2007-2010), oversaw the deployment of expensive terms of freight transport, which was no more effective than its predecessors.

Trams

Despite the closure of most of the tram systems of the first generation of France in previous years, rapidly growing number of major cities have modern tram or light rail networks, including Paris, Lyon (has the largest), Toulouse, Montpellier, Saint-Etienne and Nantes.

Recently there was a very great revival of trams with a large number of experiments such as ground level power supply in Bordeaux, or trolleybuses, like trams in Nancy.

This method of travel began to disappear in France in the late 1930-ies. Only Lille, Marseille and Saint-Etienne have never abandoned tram systems.

features of development of transport of France

The Tram system currently planned or under construction in Dijon, Le Havre, Round and Fort-de-France. The revival of tram networks in France has led to a number of technical developments both in the traction systems and in the styling of the car.

Each tram has two skate for the collection of electricity, next to whichthere are antennas that send radio signals to power the segments of the transmission as the passing tram through them.

"Alstom" has developed a system primarily to avoid Intrusive power supply cables in sensitive in this respect the old town of Bordeaux.

The Newest style used in Strasbourg, embodies the modern design that makes it look almost the same as the train, and have large Windows along its entire length.

River transport in France

The French network of natural and technological waterway is the largest in Europe with a French shipping authority, which manages the navigable sections. What surprises France? The possibility of using sea and river transport.

river transport in France

The managed Objects, the French shipping on that include waterways, canals, and navigable rivers, 494 dams, 1595 locks, 74 aqueduct of shipping, 65 reservoirs, 35 tunnels and a land area of 800 sq. m.

Maritime transport France

France has a large merchant marine, including 55 ships. Local companies operate more than 1,400 vessels, 700 of which are registered in the country.

110 shipping companies transport France, a 12,500 personnel at sea and 15,500 is on the shore. Annually Maritime transport carries 305 million tons of freight and 15 million passengers. Maritime transport is responsible for 72% of imports and exports of France.

France can also boast of a number of seaports and harbours, including Bayonne, Bordeaux, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Brest, Calais, Cherbourg-Octeville, Dunkerque, FOS-sur-Mer, La-Pallis, etc.

Airports

France has long been a favorite destination for travelers from around the world. Reasons still exist - the romantic city, rugged North-Western coast, the southern coast of the Mediterranean sea, many wine regions, great food and, of course, winter sports in the Alps and Pyrenees.

Major French cities have international airports, which connect France with almost all countries of the world. The busiest international airport of Charles de Gaulle in Paris, which conducts the majority of international flights.

But many other cities such as Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, nice, Strasbourg and Toulouse, have major international airports that allows you to plan your vacation depending on which region you are going:

  • Airport Charles de Gaulle airport is approximately 25 kilometres from Paris. It is named after the former President of France General Charles de Gaulle. Every year this major international city is served by over eight million people.

marine transport France

The departure Hall, the Galerie Parisienne, the largest hall in the country with more than 20 exits.

  • Paris Orly (ORY) is the hub for six different airlines including “Transavia” of France. It is a popular airport with people who want to get to Paris without having to go through extensive «Charles de Gaulle”.

This is one of the largest airports, as its doors are 26 million passengers annually.

  • Nice airport is the busiest international airport in France, which serves the coastal city of nice.

Nestled in the Maritime Alps region of France, this airport is ideal for riding in the nation-state of Monaco. Since the airport welcomes so many celebrities, it has easy access to the helipad located nearby.

  • Lyon Airport (LYS) also known as Lyon-Saint-exupéry, and he serves the rhône-Alpes region. It is the fourth busiest airport in France, with more than 7.5 million passengers. It is well connected with public transport, including trains.
  • Bordeaux Airport (airport code BOD) is located in the Department of Gironde. He has a long history, even in wartime. Previously, it was used by the Americans as a major airbase during the cold war, and today the French air force still uses the airport for these purposes.

Metro station

For people living, working and vacationing in Paris, the metro is an indispensable source of accessible and effective transport. It consists of more than 300 stations across the city and is open from Thursday to Sunday from 5:30 a.m. to 12:40 a.m., and on Fridays and Saturdays from 5:30 a.m. to 1:40 in the morning. Metro also works late in the day. During rush hour you don't have to wait long for the next train because the wait time to 2 minutes.

This subway is the second busiest in Europe, as more than a billion people use it every year. Metro was opened in 1900 during the world exhibition with the launch of the first line. Major parts of the system was completed about 20 years later, until it was expanded further into the suburbs.

After the Second world war the development of the Paris metro reached its peak as the addition of new trains. However, the establishment of the network and other additional changes were difficult. It was compounded by the proximity of metro stations to each other. Travel to Paris is also made easier thanks to the introduction of a Regional Express network that connects several metro stations to integrate both systems. In the first half of the 80-ies of the last century was designed by a car "Leger", which is the first of its kind used as public transport forthe city.

Taxi in France

A Taxi in France is difficult to distinguish from ordinary machines. Cars don't have a particular colour: yellow or black, but upstairs they have a fixed plastic box white. If the interior of the box glows a brilliant, perhaps the taxi is free and ready for new passengers.

the development of different types of transport in France

As everywhere in France, taxi plerosai to stay vskidyvaniem hands. It will slow down only if the radius of 50 meters there is a place with Parking. Almost all machines are equipped with a special phone number where the operator can always find a free car and send it to given point.

Without interrupting the conversation with the client, the operator of a taxi service will quickly find a free car, will show you the taxi number and make of the car will come to you.

For a trip to France by car, you must have:

A) a national driver's license (if you are not an EU citizen, you must have an international driver's license);

B) the certificate of incorporation, which is called "la carte Grise" in France;

C) a certificate of insurance.

If your stay in France is less than 6 months, you can travel freely by car through the country. You can also rent a car. Find rental companies at every airport and in most train stations in the country. If your stay in France longer than 6 months, you must renew your license and send your car for inspection.

Ferries

There are several ways to get to France, and ferry is one of them. From England several operators provide regular services from Dover, the ferries arrive in the North-East of France. In addition, for those who want to explore the Mediterranean sea, there are also regular ferries to Corsica from the ports of nice, Toulon and Marseille.


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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/news-und-gesellschaft/1813-verkehr-frankreich-arten-entwicklung.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/noticias-y-sociedad/1818-el-transporte-de-francia-clases-el-desarrollo-de.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/1816-transport-franciya-t-rler-damuy.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/aktualno-ci-i-spo-ecze-stwo/1819-transport-francji-rodzaje-rozw-j.html

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UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/novini-ta-susp-l-stvo/1818-transport-franc-vidi-rozvitok.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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