Types of political regimes

A Typology of political regimes can be built on the basis of different approaches to the definition of this category. In this issue there are many opinions, often contradictory. For example, Robert Dahl, defining the types of political regimes is based on the following criteria: the degree of citizens ' participation in governance and the opportunity to compete for power. He distinguishes polyarchy, competitive oligarchy and the hegemony of the two types – open and closed. The latter imposes the most severe restrictions. Hegemony forbid even the slightest display of opposition. Oligarchy allowed competition, but only one that is not beyond the elite. Democracy is the closest stand polyarchy. In addition, there are also mixed types of political regimes.

Some researchers for independent groups include liberaliseerimine, one-party, military, transitional, quasi-democratic types of government. So consider, for example, Samuel Huntington. He identified the following types of political regimes: military, single-party racial oligarchy and personal dictatorship. That is, the classification depends on what are the challenges facing the analysis of a particular form of government.

Still, the most widespread types of political regimes proposed by Juan Linz, a scholar from the United States. He believed that there are only five: authoritarian, democratic, sultanistic, totalitarian and post-totalitarian. They are perfect options that have their own characteristics. The characteristics of the political regime allow us to distinguish it from other types. Juan Linz has identified four such criteria. This level of pluralism in society, political mobilization, the constitutionality of power and the degree of indoctrination.

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One of the regimes for the existence of just need to mobilize the masses who have supported them. These include totalitarian and post-totalitarian. While others do not even seek to engage in the politics of its citizens. The level of political pluralism starts with concentration of power in one person. When the monism of the level of expression is very limited, manages a single worker. The highest degree of indoctrination of the population, of course, in societies with totalitarian or post-totalitarian regime. The constitutionality of power – the presence or lack of restrictions on the use of their powers, and their tightness formal way. Boundaries and prohibitions can be fixed, and traditions, ideology, customs, religion. So, the powers of the authorities have a limit of different types of democratic (constitutional) regime. They have unconstitutional, therefore, not limited by anything.

The following sections discuss some features of non-democratic forms of government.

Under the totalitarian regime of a certain group promote and support leader, whose identity is closed and the entire political system. To ensure its dominance, such methods and means as propaganda and open violence. Nationalization exposed to all facets of society, even private relationships. Often, even representatives of the ruling power are repressed prophylactic: others were afraid to teach it.

The Authoritarian regime, by definition of Juan Linz, has the following characteristics:

1) the political freedom of thought is restricted;

2) clear, ideology is not developed;

3) political mobilization there, the population is almost not involved in the life of society;

4) the boundaries of a leader (power elite) denotes a formal and predictable.

Based on these criteria, authoritarianism is subdivided into several varieties:

-the military-bureaucratic regime.

-corporate authoritarianism;

-totalitarnyy;

-postcolonial;

-racial democracy.