That man knows about frog and its life? Monotonous croaking on summer evenings, unpresentable appearance (hate to take up), bulging eyes, and the mosquitoes as a favorite food (at least, as show in cartoons) – these are the main Association with the word "frog". But I wonder: frog – animal or insect?
These frogs are the most numerous representatives of the class of amphibians. Different in size (body length from 30 to 250 mm), they are distributed worldwide, except Antarctica and Australia. Belonging to the family of tailless amphibians, frogs comprise more than 3500 species that have common external characteristics. Are the teeth in the upper jaw, a slight porcherot skin swimming webbed hind paws. The head of the frog with two huge bulging eyes which are protected by three eyelids (top, bottom and a transparent nictitating membrane) and an order of magnitude more mobile than the fish. Before the eyes are placed through the nostrils are equipped with valves opening into the oral cavity.
This kind of structure of the head help the frog quietly stalk the prey: when immersed in water, the animal puts out eyes and nostrils, breathing in this way and, looking around, patiently waiting for their potential lunch. The organ of hearing the wah is located behind the eye the ear drum. Glass frog with its transparent skin absolutely is the most striking example by which to examine the internal structure of the body of amphibians. Through a completely transparent skin can clearly see the insides. Judging by the above description, the question "frog – animal or insect?”, it is possible to give a clear and confident answer: of course, you animal!Dimensions, amphibians have a wide range. The smallest is the representative of Cuba: its length is 8.5-12 mm. largest specimen from the category of amphibians-frog-Goliath, a resident of Cameroon. The weight of the most outstanding representatives of the caught species was 3 kg 660 grams with an overall length (with extended legs) 87 see Such a large instance and to live like "big", preferring the crystal clear waters and king, as if on a pedestal, seated on the ledges.
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Crouching frog – the cunning hunter, the victim of which are the moving species: spiders, insects, worms, slugs and fish fry. Having defined with the future food moving around in her field of vision, the frog in the water let the past closer and throws out a wide sticky tongue to which the insect adheres. The frog is able to swallow large prey, placing it in his mouth with the front legs. Known cases when their victims were the swallows who drank in the fly water. What eats a frog? That runs, flies, crawls past her, that is, moves; fixed object tailless amphibians amphibians simply do not interest.
A Family of tailless amphibians most commonly found on the banks of the ponds during the warmer time of the year. The movements of the animal so expressive and cutting, that it becomes immediately clear where the expression “swims like a frog” or “jumps like a frog”. Take the jump, frog abruptly straightens his legs; during this push force throws the turtle forward and upward. Landing occurs on short front legs. Floating frog as abruptly, pushing the water back legs, between the toes, which are webbed. If to return once again to clarify the question "frog – animal or insect?" the answer is simple: you animal!
Reproduction in frogs occurs in spring, after awakening from hibernation. The total number postpone eggs from different species varied from 600 to 20 thousand eggs. Food for the tadpoles are single-celled algae, and protozoa decaying animal and vegetable remains. Puberty frogs reach 2-4 years of age with a total life expectancy of 5-6 years. There were cases when in captivity anurans existed for over 10 years.
The life of the frogs in nature is of great interest because of its singularity. So, most of them leave without supervision pending in the water or nearby pond eggs; parental care were puzzled by the lower part of the amphibians. For example, male Surinamese Pipa lays eggs on the back of a female and a male rhinoderma Darwin saves them in a special throat pouch from which hatched and grown frogs subsequently independently are selected out.
All the frogs thin skin covered with mucus, contributing to the breathing process and prevents drying of the skin. The mucus on the skin of frogs also contains substances which protect them from harmful microorganisms. In some species, this substance is poisonous and is a kind of talismanfrogs from eating other animals. So, histrionicus and phyllobates, native to Central and South America, highlight the most deadly toxins on the planet. While on land contained in the mucus moisture evaporates, with the result that the amphibians are losing it a large number. For this reason, the habitat of frogs is as comfortable as possible for them to wet the area. Life of a frog in a nature entertaining; interesting is the fact that amphibians don't drink water, making up for the lack of its quantity through the skin. Among all this gladkaja of the brethren stands out hairy frog; males of this species during the breeding season covered by skin patches resembling hair. A characteristic feature of the hairy frog is also the ability to produce in times of danger claws, which, piercing the skin, form the bones on his fingers.
By the way, the skin of poisonous frogs in ancient times served as a major component in the manufacture of arrow poison; one individual was enough for greasing 500 units. About poisonous frogs can be judged by the bright, downright flashy color. So, the poison frog, the poison frog – inhabitant of South America - even in the amount of 2 milligrams can kill a person.
The Coloration also serves to camouflage the animal; the leader in this field is considered to be mossy frog, which is almost completely blends with the environment, even her eyes on a background of moss barely distinguishable. this frog species is very popular among lovers of exotic, wanting to keep it as a pet. Beautiful painting representative of the tropics and valued accordingly: the cost of one individual who knows well how to climb rocks and tall trees, reaches $ 75.
The body Temperature of amphibians is similar to the ambient temperature. Recorded the following fact: living in Alaska, the wood frog in winter freezes to the extent that it turns to ice. In a frozen state amphibian is not breathing, blood circulation and heart function stop. With the onset of spring animal naturally thaws, gradually returning to a normal life. These unique amphibians that can tolerate low temperatures, on the planet there are only a few types, the majority of representatives of this class are not able to survive in such conditions.
Frogs have a high ability to survive; examples of this than once were recorded. In 1835 a certain Englishman became the witness of how on the ground from the platform collapsed and split in the middle of the Sandstone boulder, and the cavity has popped up frog. And there are fairly reliable reports of bricked up inside hollow blocks frogs there is a large number; it only confirms the unique ability of frogs to survive in extreme conditions.
This amphibian in the process of evolution learned to fly, escaping in this way from enemies. Characterized by flying instances, even able to change the trajectory (at times reaching up to 12 metres), splayed long fingers webbed. Frogs, not without human help, able to set world records. So, arranged especially for them, the competition for long jump, held in 1977 in South Africa, frog, nicknamed Sandi jumped by 10.3 meters!
Communication between frogs occurs in inaccessible to the human ear range by using ultrasonic beyond the hearing range of humans. This can be explained by a noisy habitat for amphibians, in which the usual human low frequencies vary with difficulty. Such features frogs also contributes to the unusual location of the organ of hearing; eardrums are behind the eyes, inside a special cavity. According to the researchers, the positioning of the ears allows the frogs to overcome water noises peculiar to their habitat. The most vociferous frogs can cover a radius of several kilometers. From the cry of the bullfrog, heard for the first time and associated with the roar of a big scary beast, it is possible to take off without looking back.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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