Caliber: .308 Win: reviews, features and ballistics

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2018-03-22 09:09:23

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Caliber 308 refers to a large group of combat and hunting ammunition which has a very wide scope and application. This group includes a number of very similar technical characteristics of the varieties of ammunition, developed on the basis of rounds of thirty caliber used in the US army at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The 308 caliber is versatile and is suitable for the army and for hunting. This cartridge is produced virtually every major company in the world. There are a huge number of various modifications of ammunition under the arms 308 caliber, which differ in the characteristics of the bullet, having an impact on the scope and ballistic data. The lineup of hunting rifles and military weapons that use this caliber is very wide and includes, including domestic developments. This caliber is optimal in many respects, including the accuracy of the shot, less recoil, lighter weight weapons under this cartridge and opportunities of automation recharge. Domestic manufacturers of hunting weapons have long used the potential of the 308 caliber and a wide variety of ammunition 308 caliber at affordable prices, as well as developing new variants of carbines in line with the most modern trends in the harmonization of hunting weapons, including versions with interchangeable barrels and bolt carrier larvae.

Predecessors thirtieth caliber

 caliber 308The story of the American thirties caliber goes back to the “government cartridge” 45-70 Government, production of which began in 1873.PS. when the 308 caliber

It was heavy and low-powered ammunition for single shot army Springfield rifle with the following characteristics:

1. Caliber – 11,63 mm.
2. Powder charge - of 4.54 g.
3. Bullet weight – 26,2 g.
4. Power – 3,000 joules.

It was the cartridge of the transition era, when there was a replacement of black powder to smokeless pyroxylin. Its ballistic performance and stopping effect is very close to the shot by a bullet from a shotgun of the 16th caliber. At the turn of the century the U.S. army needed a new cartridge, easier, under smokeless powder and smaller caliber repeating rifles. So in 1892, there was a boss for 30-40 Krag rifles, Krag-Jorgensen. It was the earliest representative of the family of the American rounds of thirty caliber, having a traditional bottle form the sleeve. The main difference between this cartridge from future developments is a projecting flange on the rear end of the sleeve. Its characteristics were as follows:

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1. Caliber - 7.8 mm.
2. Length – about 78.5 mm.
3. Bullet – 6-13 g.
4. Initial velocity – 883-820 m/s.
5. Muzzle energy-j 2529.

It was a sharp leap in the direction of increasing range and accuracy of fire. At a distance of 200 m when shooting on depressed trajectories, the bullet goes down 2 see for military purposes this cartridge was used a short time, but to hunt large animals up to 250 kg is still used.

The Main representatives of the American thirties caliber

All the cartridges in this family have the same bottle in the form of a sleeve, as the 30-40 Krag, but they have no projecting flange.

caliber 308 reviewsThe Main representatives of the thirties caliber was developed as a small-caliber class ammunition for handguns. These cartridges differ in the length of the liner, which affects the quantity of powder and shape, weight and design bullets. The sleeve without protruding flange is German engineered and designed for rifles with box-type store Mauser M 98. The first representative of the classic series cartridges American thirties caliber steel ammo for the Springfield rifles that are copies of the above-mentioned German rifle box store and svobodnoradikal rotary shutter. In the early twentieth century there were two such weapons. This caliber 30-03 and 30-06 Springfield. Both cartridge are different from each other in size casings and bullet shape. The .30-06 has shortened the sleeve by 1.77 mm, but the most significant difference is the bullet design. The 30-03 caliber heavy bullet has a weight of 14.3 g with round head. This bullet turned out to be not high performance in flatness of the shooting, but it has excellent stopping properties. These characteristics become the reason for her short military career and a quick transition to the category of hunting ammunition. The last two digits in the designation of the caliber means the year of adopting these cartridges by the U.S. army. The 30-03 caliber – 1903 Caliber 30-06 – 1906, adopting a new cartridge thirtieth caliber only three years later due to a bullet. The Germans for their magazine rifles began to make pointed bullets that were lighter and had more accuracy. In the United States immediately reacted to the German innovation and adopted its version of the cartridge with a pointed paleobotany a bullet with a mass of 9.7 g. thus, a .30-06, which is still used as a military munition is considered to be the most common hunting cartridge in the world.


the problem of choosing the weapons of the thirties caliber

The fact that there are two main and most common variant of ammunition thirtieth caliber with almost the same ballistic characteristics, but they require two different embodiment of the cartridge chambers and the dimensions of the sealinggroup. It is a weapon under the .30-06 and the .308 win caliber. With this problem constantly faced by novice hunters, because they offer almost identical rifles chambered with the same ballistics, but the choice of weapons depends on the binding to a specific type of ammunition. To this circumstance caused less confusion, it is necessary to explain why this issue appeared at all. To blame the us military, since both of the cartridge was designed for military weapons for the U.S. army.  PS. when the 308 caliber 308 caliber Cartridge is a shortened version of the .30-06. A shortened version appeared after world war II when the war effort needed a new intermediate cartridge with low recoil, on the basis of which it was possible to develop new systems of automatic weapons. Shorter sleeve gives the possibility to create compact automation because of the short stroke of the bolt, and the weakening of muzzle energy creates more prerequisites for reducing the weight of the weapon. In the early 50-ies of the 308 caliber was adopted by the US army and other countries-members of NATO. This cartridge is still used for rifles, machine guns and sniper rifles in the West. On the weight and ballistics of hunting weapons change the size of the cartridge thirtieth the size of the sample of 1906 had practically no impact. That's why there are two cartridge one caliber, which are made under practically the same gun with different stroke length of the bolt.


What is the caliber: .308 win from .30-06 for hunting

arms 308 caliber

The .30-06 sample 1906 has the following characteristics:

1. Caliber-7.62 mm (caliber – of 7.82 mm).
2. Cartridge length – of 84.84 mm.
3. Sleeve length – 63,35 mm.
4. The possible weight range of bullets – of 6.54 and 16.2 g.
5. Initial velocity – 820-976 m/s.
6. The range of muzzle energy-j 3200-4126.
7. The ability to manually equip the cartridge the right bullet and the right amount of gunpowder.

Caliber 308 win has the following characteristics:

1. Caliber-7.62 mm (caliber – of 7.82 mm).
2. Cartridge length – 71,05 mm.
3. Sleeve length – 51.18 in mm.
4. Weight range of bullets – of 6.54-13
5. Initial velocity – 800-950 m/s.
6. Muzzle energy – 3600 joules.

Minor differences and the price difference

This is the cartridges have close technical characteristics, and their ballistic performance is almost identical. The .30-06 has the ability to equip heavier bullets, but the advantages over the 308 caliber in muzzle energy is only possible with the appropriate length of the barrel with the appropriate twist and using a powder with a slower burning. The most significant difference of these munitions is their cost and availability on the Russian market. Imported 308 caliber for hunting is cheaper than 30-06. But domestic cartridges of both calibers, which are much cheaper than imported ones, differ greatly in quality. For reviews of hunters, the .30-06 production Barnaul steel case has a lot of complaints about accuracy, the number of delays in shooting and the probability of jamming of the shutter. But the domestic caliber 308 has much less complaints about the quality. When choosing weapons under thirty American caliber should take into account the large difference in price of ammunition, which exists between high-quality imported ammo 30-06 caliber and domestic cartridges of caliber 308, is also quite acceptable quality. In both cases, the difference in ballistic characteristics will be insignificant. Under a shortened version of the thirtieth American cartridge caliber on the market hunting ammunition has a wider selection of weapon models.

Ballistics

caliber 308

PS. when the 308 caliber has some specifics. Loss speed bullet 308 caliber and its offset relative to the horizontal plane depend on the weight of the bullet, type and capabilities of a particular cartridge. In the presented table shows the comparative ballistic characteristics of different ammunition when shooting at a distance of 200 meters and a twist in 12 inches.

The Type of cartridge and manufacturerBullet weightThe initial velocityMuzzle energyDeviation
Winchester Partition150 Grand884/733 m/s3800/2605 j-19,8 cm
Winchester Ballistic168 Grand814/703 m/s3606/2689 j- 21.8 cm
Norma Nosler180 grain796/668 m/s3694/2600 j- 29.5 cm
Remington Swift Scirocco180 grain823/117 m/s3961/3000 j- 21 cm
Federal Sierra HPBT168 Grand823/710 m/s3631/2700 j 20.5 cm
Hornedy SST Light Magnum150 Grand915/775 m/s4075/3461 j- 18cm
Lapua Lock-base170 Grand860/746 m/s4068/3064 j 19 cm

The table below shows that the PS. when the 308 caliber bullets from different manufacturers may differ significantly due to the different weight of the bullets used, their different forms, as well as different quantity and quality of gunpowder. Ballistic specifications ammo caliber 308 domestic production is somewhat inferior to imported ammunition, details of which are given in the table.


The advantages of hunting weapons systems 308 caliber

Hunting rifles 308caliber can be multiply charged, automatic, semi-automatic and single shot and combined with a few guns of different caliber. Semi-automatic and automatic rifles under the shortened thirtieth caliber hit more accurately because of less recoil. Carbine 308 caliber for hunting has a number of other advantages. Single shot rifles have a lighter paddle with a short course that gives you the opportunity to reduce the length and weight of the weapon without compromising accuracy. Cartridge 308 caliber universal. Under it is possible to find single-shot rifle with a sliding shutter horizontally and vertically sliding. Carbines 308 caliber with a vertical shutter of a particularly compact design, are lightweight and recharges silently, without delay, and the shock spring may be in the form of staples, not spiral, making these systems reliable. There are still advantages that the caliber 308. Reviews from hunters indicate that failure store these cartridges easier to charge into the chamber manually, one by one, and with longer cartridges such as the .30-06 and others, this technique is not as effective or even impossible because of the length. And another advantage. In-store guns with long bullets more often result in deformation of the soft shell of the bullet at the automatic movement in the chamber that affects the precision of the shot. Much less complaints in this regard is the caliber 308. The experts positively assess exactly 308 caliber in this regard than the longer options 30-gauge.

308 caliber in weapon systems with interchangeable barrels

hunting rifles 308 caliber

Cartridge 308 caliber was always in line with modern trends in the development of hunting weapons. Increasingly becoming a universal system, in which you can use some of the most popular calibers and varieties. There are samples in the field to modify, at least in carbine 308 caliber, at least in carbine 30-06 calibre, and change the caliber of the barrel. For example, the complete system Browning MARAL includes interchangeable barrels and bolt carrier larvae. Its mechanism is very similar to the AK mechanism, but there is no venting of the fixture. This time reloading is carried out manually by pulling the bolt back and forth. Among domestic developments, with interchangeable barrels and bolt carrier larvae can be called automatic carbine production, HPE “Hammer”. This is a unique hunting weapons of the Russian production is envisaged fully automatic repeating rifle with a gas operated mechanism which can operate as a rifle 308 caliber, as well as carbine 223 Rem and 20Х76. That and a shotgun and a carbine two types in one system, issued on one license.

Optimum twist for 308 caliber

caliber 308

There are several variants of shafts with the twist under 308 caliber, from 10 to 14 inches of barrel length. Twist – a full rotation of the bullet around its axis, which it does when it moves in the barrel. Accordingly, the 10 inch twist is a full rotation of the bullet in the barrel which makes the bullet after passing the ten-run on the trunk. The heavier and longer the bullet, the shorter should be the twist. To determine the optimal twist for 308 caliber, you need to know the type of bullet that is mainly used in hunting. Standard weight bullets in 168 Grand can be considered optimal under the 308 caliber. Reviews show that for such bullets the minimum possible twist will be equal to 14 inches. Lighter bullets with this twist will prestabilization, but their ballistics will remain within acceptable tolerances. For heavier bullets 308 caliber already need a shorter twist. Many hunters say that for 308 caliber need a 12 twist. For example, Chezet carbine 550 caliber 308 in various modifications is often cited as an example. The Czech rifles are a versatile shutter under different length bullets 308 caliber, which is itself quite massive. To reduce the weight of the weapon, the Czech gunsmiths use special technology for the production of thin-walled barrels, which greatly affects the ballistics due to instantaneous overheating of the barrel. For commercial hunting required huge barrel, simple sights, when you can quickly catch the aim, a failsafe mechanism and the shutter under the cheapest cartridge 30 caliber, which is 308 caliber. The twist should be designed for the maximum weight and length bullets. With all for and against hunting rifles 308 caliber should be chosen with a 12-inch twist that will provide reliable shot ammunition for domestic with domestic with bullets. 308 caliber have more free choice of hanging bullets at an affordable price, so 12 twist – it is a broader potential weapons.

Standard-precision - Remington 308 caliber

caliber 308 reviews

Hunting weapons under 308 the caliber of the company "Remington" has the richest range of model variants. Rolling shutter basic models of single-shot and magazine rifles this company structurally is based on the Mauser rifle of the early 20th century. 308 caliber allows you to create a wide range of weapons, ranging from sports models to field weapons, typical for hunting in the Northern regions of the American continent. Precision rifles Remington 308 under th cartridge is unbeatable. In3 000 dollars you can find a rifle under the Remington 308 caliber for almost all civil purposes, including hunting, sport and defense. High accuracy due to the reliance on American arms, traditions and meets the requirements to combat weapons of NATO, where the cartridge 308 is one of the main ammunition for rifles and machine guns. Cropped sleeve without flange under 30-gauge gives excellent opportunities to the developers to create a weapon of high reliability and accuracy, focusing on the needs in the civilian sector. Cheaper options domestic ammunition 308 caliber with similar to its Western counterparts ballistic characteristics increase the undeniable advantages of the 308 caliber for hunting in Russia. Weak recoil, high accuracy and more reliable indicators for the mechanism of recharge make the 308 caliber is irreplaceable in all fields of application, including not only hunting, but also defense and security.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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