Holy Blessed Basil. St. Basil's Cathedral

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2019-05-05 05:00:35

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One of the most interesting and beautiful sights of the Russian capital is St. Basil's Cathedral (photo below), also known as the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God, built in the XVI century by order of Tsar Ivan IV the terrible. Almost everyone in the country knows that it is located on red square, but not everyone knows the story of its construction and the legends associated with him. But still will not be enough to know only about the Cathedral. Saint, in whose honor was built a chapel, and later became known as the temple bore the name Basil. The story of his life, deeds and death is no less interesting than the story of the construction of the Cathedral.

About the creators

St. Basil's Cathedral (pictures of him adorn many postcards for tourists) was built in the period from 1555 to 1561 to commemorate the capture of the walled city of Kazan by Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. There are many versions of who was the true Creator of this monument. We consider only three main options. The first of these – architect Postnik Yakovlev, nicknamed Barma bore. It was known at that time Pskov master. The second option – Barma and Postnik. This two architects who participated in the construction of this temple. And the third – the Cathedral was erected some unknown West European master, presumably from Italy.

In favor of the latter version is the fact that most of the buildings of the Kremlin were built by immigrants from this country. Unique style, which created St. Basil's Cathedral (photo perfectly show), harmoniously combines traditions of Russian and European architectures. But it should immediately be noted that this version has absolutely no documentation.

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There is also a legend according to which all the architects who worked on the project of the temple, was deprived of sight by order of Ivan the terrible - with the intention that they will never be able to build anything like it. But there is one problem. If the author of the temple is still Postnik Yakovlev, it could not dazzle. Just a few years he worked on the creation of the Kremlin in Kazan.

St. Basil's Cathedral photo

Temple Structure

The Cathedral has a total of ten domes, nine of them located above the main building, and one – above the bell tower. It consists of eight temples. Their thrones are sanctified only in honor of those holidays, in the days which there were decisive battles for Kazan. All eight churches arranged around the ninth highest, which has a pillar-shaped design. It is built in honor of the intercession of the Mother of God and culminates in a tent with a small cupola. The rest of the domes of St. Basil look at first glance, traditionally. They have a bulbous shape, but differ from each other. All the nine temples stand on a common base and are connected by a vaulted inner passages and the bypass gallery, which in the original version was open.

In 1558, the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Mother of God built a chapel, which was consecrated in honor of St. Basil. It was erected on the place where previously there were relics of this Saint. His name, he gave the Cathedral the second name. After about 20 years, the temple has acquired its belfry.

St. Basil's Cathedral photo

First floor – basement

I Must say that St. Basil's Cathedral (photo, of course, do not show) does not have a basement. All the components of his Church are on the same base, called the basement. It is a structure with a fairly thick (3 m) walls, is divided into several areas whose height is more than 6 m.

The North has a basement, you might say, a unique design for the XVI century. Its vault is made in the form of a box without support posts, despite the fact that he is a big stretch. The walls of this room are narrow openings called produhi. Thanks to them, creates a special microclimate, which remains unchanged throughout the year.

Once all the rooms of the basement was inaccessible to members. These deep recesses in the form of niches were used as storage facilities. Before they closed the doors. But now they were only loops. Until 1595, the basement was kept the Royal Treasury and the most valuable property of wealthy citizens.

To get into these previously secret chambers of St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, it was necessary to pass through the wall of white stone staircase, which was known only to the initiated. Later as unnecessary, this move laid and forgot about it, but in the 30-ies of the last century it was accidentally discovered.

Chapel organised in honour of Vasily the blessed

He represents the Church of the cubic form. Is covered by a groin vault with a small lantern drum crowned with a cupola. The coating of this temple is made in the same style as the upper Church of the Cathedral. Here on the wall there is a vertical inscription. She reported that the Church St. Basil was added in 1588 directly over the tomb of the Saint, immediately after his canonization by order of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

In 1929 the Church was closed for worship. Only at the end of the last century, its decoration is finally restored. Basil's memory is revered on August 15. This date in 1997, was starting to resumeworship in his Church. In our day, over by the tomb of the Saint is a Shrine with his relics, decorated with a thin carving. This Shrine is the most revered among the parishioners and guests of the temple.

St. Basil's in Moscow

Church furniture

I Must admit that it is impossible in one article to reproduce in words all the beauty that it is famous for the temple of St. Basil. Description of them would take more than one week, and possibly months. Focus only on the details of the interior of the Church dedicated to that Saint.

Her oil painting was dedicated to the 350th anniversary of the erection of the Cathedral. On the southern and Northern walls depict Basil the Blessed. Paintings of his life are of scenes of the miracle with the fur coat and rescue at sea. Beneath them, on the lower level, is an ancient Russian ornament of the towels. In addition, on the South side of the Church hangs balsamina icon, a drawing which is made on the metal surface. This masterpiece was written in 1904.

The Western wall of the temple is decorated with the image of the Holy virgin. The upper tier contains images of the saints who protect the Royal house. This is the Martyr Irina, St. John the Baptist, Saint Anastasia and Theodore Stratelates.

The Sails of the arch occupied by the Evangelists, crosshair – by the Saviour, John the Baptist and the virgin, the drum is decorated with the figures of the patriarchs, and the dome – the Saviour Almighty.

As of the iconostasis, he was executed according to the project of the famous architect A. M. Pavlinov in 1895, and writing icons was headed by the famous Moscow art restorer and icon-painter Osip Chirikov. His authentic autograph is preserved on one of the icons. In addition, the iconostasis has a more vintage images. The first is the icon «our lady of Smolensk” related to the XVI century, and the second - the image of St. Basil's, where he is depicted on the background of red square and the Kremlin. The last dates back to XVIII century.

Blissful Basil

Bell tower

In the mid-seventeenth centuries earlier built the belfry was in a terrible state. Therefore, it was decided to change to the bell tower in the 80-ies of the same century. By the way, it still stands today. The basis for the bell tower is high and massive quadrangle. On top of it erected a more elegant and delicate octagon, made in the form of open area, which is surrounded by eight pillars, and they, in turn, are connected at the top by arches.

The Bell tower surmounted by an octagonal tent pretty high with ribs, decorated with colored tiles of blue, white, brown and yellow glaze. His face is covered with a green curly shingles and small Windows, on which the ringing of bells can greatly enhance their sound. At the top of the tent is a small onion dome with a gilded cross. Inside the venue, as well as in the arched openings are hung bells, which were cast in the XVII-XIX centuries the famous Russian masters.

Basil photo

Museum

Pokrovsky Cathedral in 1918 was recognized by the Soviet authorities as a historical monument of architecture of national and international significance and taken under state protection. It was then that he began to consider Museum. Its first superintendent was John Smiths (FR). I must say that after the revolution the Church was, without exaggeration, in very distressed: he was beaten out almost all glasses, the roof in many places full of holes, and in the winter right inside lay drifts of snow.

After five years on the basis of the Cathedral was decided to create a historical and architectural complex. Its first head was E. I. Silin – research scientist of the Moscow historical Museum. Already on may 21, the Church was visited by the first visitors. Since that time, work began on completion of a Fund.

The Museum called “Pokrovsky Cathedral” in 1928 became a branch of the Historical Museum. A year later, the Church was officially closed for worship and removed all of the bell. In the 30-ies of the last century rumors that it plans to carry. But he still was lucky enough to avoid such a fate. Despite the fact that here almost a century undergoing restoration, the temple is always open for Muscovites and guests of the capital. For all the time the Museum was closed only once, when I was the Great Patriotic war.

After the war was immediately taken all measures for the restoration of the Cathedral, so on the day of celebrating the 800 anniversary of the capital Museum again earned. It enjoys wide popularity in the days of the Soviet Union. It should be noted that the Museum was well known not only in the USSR but also in many other countries. Since 1991, the temple is in use as an Orthodox Church, and the State historical Museum. After a long break, here finally resumed worship.

Holy Child

Future Moscow Wonderworker Blessed Basil was born in the end of 1468. According to legend, it happened right on the porch Yelokhovo Cathedral built in honor of the Vladimir icon of the blessed virgin. His parents were ordinary people. When he grew up, he was sent to learn shoemaking craft. Over time, his mentor began to notice that Vasily was not like all the other children.

An Example of his eccentricity can serve as such a case: once a certain merchant had brought grain to Moscow and saw the shop, went to order a pair of boots. However, he requested that the shoeshe could not endure in a year. Hearing these words, Blessed Basil cried and promised that the merchant will not have time even to wear down at the heels these boots. However, when the master asked the boy why he thinks that, the child explained to his teacher that the customer will not be able to wear the boots because you will soon die. This prophecy was fulfilled a few days.

Basil

Recognition of Holiness

When Vassily was 16 years old, he moved to Moscow. It was here that he began his thorny path as a Holy fool. According to witnesses, Blessed Basil walked the streets of the capital naked and barefoot all year round, regardless of whether it was the fierce bitter cold or scorching summer heat.

Strange was not only his appearance, but also deeds. For example, passing by the market stalls, he could shed the vessel, filled with brew, or tilting counter with a roll. For this, Basil was often a bit angry merchants. As strange as it sounds, he always took the beating and even thanked God for them. But as it later transpired, bottled kvass was unusable, and rolls poorly baked. Eventually it recognized not only the reprover of unrighteousness, but the man of God and Holy fool.

Here is another case from life of the Saint. One day the merchant decided to build a stone Church in Moscow, on Pokrovka. But for some reason its arches collapsed three times. He came to Basil, to seek Council for this reason. But he sent him to Kiev, to the poor John. Upon arrival in the city, the merchant found the right person in a poor hut. John sat and rocked the cradle in which was empty. The merchant asked him, whom he still shakes. This poor told him that he lulls his mother for his birth and upbringing. Only then the merchant remembered his mother, who was expelled from the house once. He immediately made it clear why he can't build the Church. After returning to Moscow, the merchant found his mother, asked her forgiveness and took home. After that, he easily managed to build the Church.

Basil the Blessed history

Acts of the miracle worker

Blessed Vasilii was always preaching compassion for others and helped those who were ashamed to beg for alms, while needing more rest. For this reason there is a description of a single case where he gave it all given to him by the Royal things itinerant merchant-a foreigner, who by chance lost everything. Dealer for several days did not eat anything, but I couldn't ask for help, because he was wearing expensive clothes.

Basil is always strictly condemned those who gave alms based on selfish motives and not out of compassion for the poverty and misery. For the sake of the neighbors, he even went into the tavern, which was comforting and tried to encourage the impoverished people, seeing in them the seeds of kindness. This fool is so cleansed his soul with prayer and feats of strength that he opened the gift of foresight. In 1547 Blissful failed to predict the great fire that happened in Moscow, and by his prayer he extinguished the flame in Novgorod. His contemporaries claimed that once the Basil reproached the Tsar Ivan IV the terrible, as he was during the worship was thinking about building on the Sparrow hills of his Palace.

Holy Died on 2 August 1557. The then Metropolitan of Moscow Macarius with his clergy made the funeral of Basil. He was buried at Trinity Church, where in 1555 he began to build Basil's Cathedral to commemorate the conquest of Kazan khanate. After 31 years, on August 2, this Saint was glorified in the Cathedral, at the head of which stood the Patriarch job.

Contemporaries described him about the same, and always mentioned about three features: it was extremely thin, wore a minimum of clothing and in hand has always had staff. So it appears to us Basil. Photo of icons and pictures with his image represented in this article.

The Veneration of this Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker in the people was so great that St. Basil's Cathedral began to call his name. By the way, his chains are still on keeping the Theological Academy in the capital. Everyone who wants to admire the beautiful monument of medieval architecture, you can find it at: Moscow, Red square, St. Basil's Cathedral.


Article in other languages:

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/duho-nae-razv-cce/32687-svyaty-vas-l-blazhenny-hram-vas-lya-blazhennaga.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/die-geistige-entwicklung/32358-der-heilige-basilius-der-selige-basilius-kathedrale.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/el-desarrollo-espiritual/32235-el-santo-de-san-basilio-la-catedral-de-san-basilio.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/ruhani-damuy/33021-kiel-vasiliy-blazhennyy-hram-vasiliya-blazhennogo.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/rozw-j-duchowy/34059-wi-ty-b-ogos-awiony-bazyli-cerkiew-wasyla-b-ogos-awionego.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/desenvolvimento-espiritual/33848-o-santo-de-s-o-bas-lio-catedral-de-s-o-bas-lio.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/ruhsal-geli-im/29437-aziz-m-barek-kadir-st-basil-katedrali.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/duhovniy-rozvitok/33223-svyatiy-blazhenniy-vasil-hram-vasilya-blazhennogo.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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