How does brushless motor

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2018-03-24 11:28:09

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Brushless motor based on electric drives, creates a magnetic rotating field. Currently, there are several types of devices with different characteristics. With the development of technology and use of new materials, characterized by high coercive force and a sufficient level of magnetic saturation, it became possible to produce a strong magnetic field and, consequently, valve structures of a new kind, in which there is no winding on rotary elements or the starter. Extensive distribution switches solid state type, with high power and an acceptable cost has accelerated the creation of such structures, facilitate execution and freed from many difficulties from switching.

brushless motor

Working Principle

Increased reliability, lower fees and more simple manufacture is ensured by absence of mechanical switching elements, the rotor winding and permanent magnets. This increase in efficiency can be achieved by reducing friction losses in the collector system. Brushless motor can operate on alternating or continuous current. The last option displays a remarkable similarity with the brushed motors. Its characteristic feature is the formation of rotating magnetic field and applying a pulsed current. In its basis there is an electronic switch, which increases the complexity of the design.

Calculation of the position

The Generation of pulses occurs in the control system after the signal reflecting the position of the rotor. From the swiftness of rotation of the motor depends directly on the degree of stress and flow. The sensor in the starter determines rotor position and applies the electric signal. Together with the magnetic poles passing by the sensor, changes the signal amplitude. There are also Sensorless methods of establishing the position, including the point of passage of current and converters. PWM on the incoming clips ensure the preservation of the AC voltage level and capacity management.

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For rotor with permanent magnets, the current summing optional, making no losses in the rotor winding. Brushless motor for screwdriver has a low level of inertia provided by the absence of windings and the mechanized collector. Thus there was the possibility of use at high speed without arcing and electromagnetic noise. High values of current and simplification of heat dissipation is achieved by placing the heating circuits on the stator. It is also worth noting the presence of electronic unit built-in on some models.

the engine for the screwdriver

Magnetic elements

The location of the magnets may be different in accordance with the size of the engine, for example, at the poles or around the rotor. Creating high-quality magnets with more power is possible through the use of neodymium in combination with boron and iron. Despite the high performance, brushless motor for screwdriver With permanent magnets has some disadvantages, including the loss of magnetic characteristics at high temperatures. But they are more efficient and no loss compared to machines in the construction of which has windings.

Pulses of the inverter determine the speed of rotation of the mechanism. At constant supply frequency of operation of the engine is constant speed in an open system. Accordingly, the rotation speed varies depending on the level of the power supply frequency.

brushless DC motor

Features

BLDC motor working in the established modes and has a functional analogue of the brush, the speed of which depends on the applied voltage. The mechanism has many advantages:

  • No changes in the magnetization and leakage current;
  • The speed of rotation and the torque;
  • The speed is not limited to the centrifugal force affecting the manifold and rotary electroosmotic;
  • No need for the switch and the field winding;
  • Magnets used are lightweight and compact;
  • High torque;
  • High energy capacity and efficiency.

BLDC motor

Usage

Brushless DC motor with permanent magnets is mostly found in devices with a capacity of 5 kW. In more powerful equipment, their use is irrational. It is also worth noting that the magnets in the motors of this type are especially sensitive to high temperatures and strong fields. Induction and brush variants are devoid of such faults. The motors are widely used in electric motorcycles, motor drives due to the absence of friction in the manifold. Among the features we need to highlight the uniformity of torque and current, which reduces acoustic noise.


Article in other languages:

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/hatn-tul-nasc/13796-yak-uladkovany-besschetochnyy-ruhav-k.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gem-tlichkeit/13801-wie-ist-der-brushless-motor.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-comodidad-del-hogar/13810-c-mo-funciona-el-motor-sin-escobillas.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/domashniy-uyut/13800-dramaly-besschetochnyy-oz-alt-ysh.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/komfort-domu/13794-jak-dzia-a-silnik-bezszczotkowy.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/o-aconchego-do-lar/13786-como-funciona-o-motor-brushless.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/domashniy-uyut/13802-nas-l-i-ledi-ini-f-r-as-z-dc-motor.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/domashn-y-zatishok/13800-yak-vlashtovaniy-bezsch-tkoviy-dvigun.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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