Air conditioning: schematic and working principle

Despite the fact that there are conditioners in almost every house, only a few users correctly identify the diagram of such a device and how it works, connects. This article will try deployed to cover it.

General scheme of operation

The Whole system is built on the ability of substances to absorb heat by evaporation and highlight it by condensation. A diagram of the air conditioning and put in a modern split-system. The main substance within a closed system of devices is the freon. Having the ability to change its physical state by changing temperature and pressure, we can cool the radiator and drive through it air from outside.

But first of all learn the basic elements of a split system. Diagram and working principle of air conditioner require the use of two units: outdoor and indoor. What are they for?

Outdoor unit

This unit can be installed on the street and is mainly used for fresh air intake. It consists of the following components:

• Fan.
• Condenser. In this part the cooling of the freon and its condensation. The air that passes through the condenser, heats up and drains outside.
• Compressor. The main element of the air conditioner that compresses the freon and ensures its circulation around the circuit.
• Control Unit. It is usually used in the outdoor units inverter systems. In conventional conditioning, the electronics are most often located in the inner block.

• 4-way valve. Applied in models that can run on heating (most of modern air conditioning). This element when you activate a heating function changes the direction of movement of the refrigerant. The result of the outer and inner blocks are swapped: internal works on heated, exterior - cooling.
• Various pipe connections, by which the connecting copper pipes between the indoor and outdoor units.
• Filter the refrigerant. Is installed before the compressor to protect the latter from dirt, which during installation can get into the system.

Indoor unit

It includes the elements:

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• Front panel through which inside air arrives. It is easy to remove to allow the user to get to filters.
• Coarse Filter is a common plastic mesh that holds large dust (e.g., animal dander, feathers, etc.). This grid should be cleaned 1 time per month.
• Filter System consisting of coal, antibacterial, electrostatic filters. Depending on the model, some filters may not be at all.

• Fan for circulating clean air into the room - cold or heated.
• Evaporator. Is a radiator where the refrigerant enters the ice. This radiator is cooled with freon, and a fan blows through it, the air suddenly turns cold.
• Louver direction adjustment air flow.
• Display panel shows what mode the air conditioning.
• Control Board. It contains the Central processor and the electronics unit.
• Nipple connection - it connects to the pipe connecting the indoor and outdoor units.

Schema of the air conditioner is simple and logical, but some users do not understand why you need two units? It can take warm air from the room and chase it through the air, cooling it. But not all so simple: it is impossible to produce the heat, not producing heat. And the heat need to take out. For this purpose, perfect two-block system. There are also other systems, such as single-unit. There, heat is dissipated to the outside through special ducts offered outside the apartment.

Detailed diagram of the operation

Now that you know the basic elements to consider in more detail the scheme of this system. So, when you activate the cooling mode with the remote control in the system is the compressor. He builds pressure and drives the gas through the radiator. After the radiator (in the outdoor unit), the gas becomes liquid and hot (if you remember, in the condensation emits the heat.)

Now, the hot liquid freon (which is before the radiator was gas) enters the expansion valve where the pressure of the freon is reduced. As a result, the evaporation of the refrigerant and the evaporator receives the cold liquid-gas mixture (freon becomes cold by evaporation). The evaporator is cooled and a fan blows it cold in the room. Then gaseous freon back into the condenser, and at this point the circle is closed.

This concept of conditioning is fair for all types. Regardless of model, power and functionality of the system all air conditioners are built based on this principle, including the automotive, industrial and domestic.

Connection air conditioning

The Scheme of installation of the air conditioner is simple, but the system itself is quite complicated. To make it can only professionals who have the appropriate equipment. The whole difficulty lies in the installation of the outdoor unit andinjection of freon inside. You also want to make a huge hole in the wall, and if the house panel, the complexity of works increases.

As for the electrical connections, then simply connect the indoor unit to the wall socket, nothing more. And here is the wiring diagram for air conditioner on nutrition is a document which displays the location of the various components and information for service centers. He is more interested in engineers who are engaged in repair and connection technology. In the context of this article it is impossible to give a single wiring diagram of air conditioning, as it is for various models may be different.

Blocks

After it was installed the external and internal units, they must be interconnected. This is done using a four-wire copper cable. Cores should have a cross section not less than 2.5 mm². Wiring diagram for air conditioning that goes along with the device itself, is somewhat manual. Usually the connecting cable is laid along with the freon line, although it can be laid in a separate plastic box.

Connection via a dedicated line

After joining two blocks together, you need to connect the indoor unit to the network. You can use the nearest power source, however, given the relatively high power setting, experts recommend to allocate her a separate power line, which will go directly to the counter. This will relieve a big burden from the General line of the electrical system of the apartment. Routing the cable to the panel can be made by special Strobel the groove or in a plastic box. Do not leave the wire open.

The Panel, which will come in power line conditioner (and the General line of the electrical system of the apartment) must be grounded. The power cable must be connected through the machine of some power. It is calculated by a special formula: the capacity of the air conditioner divided by the voltage (220 or 230V). To the value you need to add 30 % for headroom.

The Connection to the power supply system of the apartment

The device is Connected to a conventional power outlet, which belongs to the common power line may only be the case if your air conditioner is not powerful and will not create a heavy load on the network. When the power consumption of the air conditioner of 1 kW and less can be connected to a conventional outlet. Typically, such power have models designed to cool 20 square meters.