Ground units: an overview, characteristics, dimensions

The Foundation of any structures necessary to experience tremendous stress. Therefore, in order to withstand them, the Foundation must be very strong. It is the quality used in the construction materials and depends on the strength of the base. According to experts, the best material for the construction of “zero cycle” recognized concrete basement blocks. What kind of blocks and what are their advantages – more on that later.

Concrete blocks

Every ground unit – it is a rectangle made of concrete. Moreover, the products we use not ordinary concrete and heavy – the M200, or M100. In the marking of these materials is marked with the letter “T”. Material for the manufacture of block structures may also serve as calcium silicate concrete or concrete, which represent letters “With” and “P” respectively. For the construction of particularly large objects reinforce the blocks with rebar installation.

To connect single elements in a continuous design, each product has on the end face of the connecting grooves. On the upper surface will produce two mounting tabs – they need to move items to shipping or installation.

According to the requirements of GOST, are made several types of similar products:

• ODR. The so-called universal products, the ends of which are open or closed.
• FBP – open, bottom hollow ground unit.
• FSB. This abbreviation denotes that the product is the Foundation block for the walls. It has no holes and voids. The product is intended for installation in the construction of ground floors, basements and walls.

Advantages and Disadvantages of block structures

If you compare the block and monolithic products first significant win on a number of characteristics:

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• Speed erection. This factor is very important in adverse weather conditions, when there is no time to wait until hardens the concrete in a monolithic Foundation. During the construction of the base of hollow blocks to continue building the walls immediately.
• Reliability. Products have predictable properties, as their production is done according to the standards, starting from the calculation of the parameters of a reinforcing material to the automation of all processes.

• Versatility. To use block elements in the construction of facilities of all sizes, ranging from skyscrapers and finishing private houses.
• Ease of installation. With a standard size mounting tabs, grooves and end of the blocks themselves, you can easily perform the installation of the most sophisticated Foundation for any building.
• Resistance in extreme conditions. To design did not disappoint on acid soils, or permafrost, at the time of manufacture the composition of the solution interfere special additives.
• High strength and density. Due to this, plates of this type can be used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures capable of withstanding heavy loads.

Unfortunately, the products have some disadvantages. The most important of them – the high cost. The disadvantages include:

• Need to use in the construction of the crane.
• The Need to equip double insulated.
• Perform insulation of joints between the individual elements.

Panel Size

The Products differ from one another not only by the absence or presence of voids. Each item has its own size and, consequently, weight. According to GOST length of articles:

• 90 cm
• 1.20 m
• 2.4 m.

The ratio of the width may be 30, 40 or 50 cm, and height – 30 and 60 cm, the size of the ground unit can be from 90 x 30 x 30 240 x 50 x 60 cm

Another important factor – the mass of each individual element. The weight depends on the design of the product, and used to manufacture materials. For example, solid cement element size 2.4 x 0.5 x 0.6 m and can weigh about two tons, and lightweight aggregate block with the same overall performance – 2 times smaller.

Labeling products

All these and other characteristics encoded in the marking. Example: 12.4.6-t Stands for the entry is:

• 12 – element length (data converted to decimeters).
• 4 – width.
• 6 – tall.
• “T” – for the manufacture was used in solid concrete. Its density – 2 200 kg/cubic meters.

Production Technology

As the main indicator, which should strictly correspond to each ground unit, – strength, such production is performed strictly according to the design data, and the ratio of the required components is carefully controlled. To mix water, aggregate and cement powder, used concrete mixers, forced type. When the concrete mixture is homogeneous, it is poured into special molds. Before that they put vibrators. The tools thoroughly compacted semi-liquid substance, after which it leave until fully cured in 24-36 hours.

After that, the product is removed from the forms, although they are not yet fully ready. To give the plates the original strength, each of them applied a protective coating offilm. Then they poured the water. After 7 days plates purchase selling strength, and after 21 days the product becomes solid at 100 %, then they can be used in construction.

Note: if the seal designs were used reinforcing material, erecting the ground floor of blocks of FBS, is necessary to equip them with protection from moisture. Such may be:

• Composite mixture based on bitumen.
• Special water repellent.

Application and technology installation

The Ground unit is indispensable in the construction of facilities, which must meet special technical requirements. But the use of plates is not the end. Ceramsite block can be used in carrying out even the most complex of construction and installation works in industrial, residential or non-residential construction. The products are suitable also for installation of partitions and different floors, the creation of permanent or temporary fencing of large objects.

Assemble design in the following way:

• First dig a trench.
• Prepare a bed of sand and gravel.
• Stack plate, and combining them with cement mortar. To improve the reliability of connection, use the reinforcing belt.
• Carry out waterproofing works.
• Insulated design.

An Important detail: base plates is not a monolithic structure, so it can only be built on reliable soils. Heaving soils can serve as a reliable Foundation for building, so to assemble the Foundation of the plates they are not recommended in any case.

Specifications

The Main characteristics, intended for the construction of ground floors, are the following features:

• W2 – the waterproof index of the stamps used concrete.
• F200 – frost resistance of concrete.
• 2400 kg/cubic meter-the density of the material.
• 100-110 kg/cubic meter-the density of the material.
• B12,5 – the measure of compression.