What is an ecohouse? A passive house. Design features of green buildings

Nowadays, the environmental issue of housing is very acute. People tend to equip their homes with furniture made of natural materials and use only safe products for repair.

The Desire to be closer to nature influenced the construction sector. Today's developers began to build environmentally friendly homes using the latest technology. One of the latest achievements in the industry was a passive house (eco). What is green building and what are the major principles we describe in our article.

A Little about the origins of passive houses

In European countries, the question of energy saving was acute for a long time. For many years professors have struggled with the development of economical systems of heating, ventilation and transformation of solar heat. To reduce the cost of electricity they had, but to reduce the heat loss of the building – not.

Then the German scientists had the idea of creating a passive house, and they managed to bring it to life in 1996. It was then in Germany was opened the Institute of “Passive”, where he built experimental facilities of this type. Since then in America and Europe was built several thousand of these houses, and today their number is rapidly increasing.

In Russia, this technology is little known, so not all even know what eco is and how it differs from our traditional structures. So let's look at this question!

Definition and features of eco-homes

A Passive house-this residential building, which is characterized by a complete absence of the traditional heating system and minimum consumption of electricity. Indoors is constantly maintained a favorable microclimate, with a negative impact on the environment is absolutely excluded. The energy consumption of such housing makes up only 10% of the cost of an ordinary private houses.

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The eco-house Project is created on the basis of the following requirements:

1. Creating a simple and energy efficient design of the building.
2. Passive Regeneration system air conditioning and heating.
3. The Use of environmentally friendly building materials.
4. The Use of alternative energy sources.
5. Full automation of all engineering systems.
6. The Creation of energy efficient design (minimum number of Windows facing to the North).

Construction and architecture of passive houses

The Arrangement and construction of eco-homes is carried out through various rules. The owners of such housing had to be completely artificial and harmful materials, or the meaning of such housing is lost. Interior trim should not assume the use of vinyl, foam, varnishes, formaldehyde and various other harmful substances.

The Preference for such materials CAC:

• Glina;
• Steklo;
• Hips;
• Kirpich;
• Kameni;
• Drevesina;
• Ceramics, etc.

With regard to the appearance of the buildings, there are also certain features:

1. When creating projects of such houses specialists determine the optimal form that will allow you to create spacious room with minimum external space. This move allows us to reduce the heat loss through the outer surface.
2. Color energy-saving houses also cannot be any, as it has a direct effect on the rate of cost of heat. Most of these designs are white, in some cases the outer surfaces are finished with mirrors. This reduces the impact of external factors on the exterior of the building.

Omatically appliances in passive houses

Understand the question: "What is eco?", special attention should be paid to the lighting of the buildings. Because the point of such housing is to ensure to reduce energy consumption, the principle of arrangement of the illumination space based on the installation of devices with high efficiency.

In this case usual for us lamp nakaniwa completely appropriate. As the lighting elements here are set of led lamps that do not emit heat in the process. It is also important that lamps of this type can be disposed of without harm to the environment that just fits the basic concept of passive houses.

Feature of window systems

The Arrangement of window openings is encouraged on the South side of the building. With this arrangement, the window will no longer fill the room with warmth than to give it out. On the upper floors are settling skylights provide the room with sunlight. On the lower levels of the house provide for openings of increased size.

Windows eco settling of two or three-chambered double-glazed Windows (argon and krypton filling). The surface of the glass is completely covered with energy saving film. To reduce heat loss through the window openings are complemented with wooden shutters, shutters and blinds.

Electricity

One of the significant advantages of such structures is the ability to save on the purchase of land for construction. He may not be the approach of communication, and howpractice, such land is several times cheaper.

Electric resources passive house provides himself. To this end, the roof mounted solar collectors that store energy. In the future it is spent on water heating, home heating, stand-alone devices and lighting. Electricity system can also be supplemented by wind generators that can provide up to 80% of the required energy.

Heating

Whatever the eco-house-wooden, brick or stone - he needs heated. In warm time of the year to create a comfortable microclimate inside such a dwelling is enough working appliances. When the street becomes cold enough, comes to the aid of extra heating.

Passive houses as sources of heat are made from the same solar collectors and heat pumps. Autonomous heating system is equipped with devices of Underfloor heating, which is automatically activated when temperature drops below threshold.

Ventilation

Speaking about what ecohouse, attention should be given to the primary system, which is responsible for the favourable microclimate in the room – ventilation.

About her need to know what the humidity and purity of air in passive houses is monitored using a special device-heat exchanger. The essence of his work lies in the fact that the air discharged from the room warms with its warmth air flow, incoming into the house. As a result, fresh air enters the house is already warm enough.

In the cold season, the air flows are channeled in underground duct where heat up to above-zero temperatures and sent to the heat exchanger. In hot weather, same process, but only under the ground is not heated and the cooling air.

So the house is constantly maintained optimal temperature, and only occasionally the need arises in the functioning of systems of heating. That is why passive houses are so relevant in our time, when the cost of energy is constantly growing. From this we can assume that the popularity for housing of this type may also increase dramatically in our country.