Produce the load cell with their hands

Weight is measured by weights, distance – line, pressure-gauge, etc. and invented a device that measures force? Such tool, of course, available. It's called a dynamometer. Their hands, by the way, is easy to make a simple, but quite workable device for measuring force, your own exclusive dynamometer.

Mass, force, weight

In conversations we often confuse concepts such as mass and weight. What is the difference between them? A small example. We have gymnastic the weight of mass 32 kg. so much will show our consumer scales, we should iron this is the product they deliver. Move mentally to the surface of the moon. The scales that we bring, will change and will only be 5 kg 120 g. But the biggest planet of our system, Jupiter, with the greatest force of gravity, the scales would show all of 84.5 kg. Changed the mass of the weights? No.

How can this be? Place the dumbbell in space, where in zero gravity the balance will show zero and all. The weight lost? To make sure that it is not, is to disperse our apparatus up to a decent speed and directed to a particular target. If the same experiment be repeated on the moon, Earth, Jupiter, provided that the speed at the moment of collision with the obstacle will be the same, will be identical and destruction.

The mass of the weights in all examples remains 32 kg. And what is changing? The force with which the weight presses on the platform of scale. And measure this force called “weight”, right in kilograms, and Newtons.

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A Force of one Newton is equal to the weight of 102 grams, located on the surface of the Earth.

So, having made dynamometer with their hands, we will be able to measure this important physical quantity, like force.

General principle of the device dynamometers

To measure the force rarely use the force of gravity. This is not only uncomfortable (load or counterweight can work only vertically), but not quite sure. The fact that the Earth – not exactly a ball. It is ellipsoid, slightly flattened on the poles. Therefore, the distance at the equator to the center of the planet more than at the pole, moreover, at the equator on any body applies centrifugal force slightly reduces its weight, so guaranteed to lose weight (though only slightly, by 0.5% only) you just have to go from the pole to the equator.

Therefore, in order to measure the force is most often used instruments on the elastic elements. But force is sometimes necessary to measure simply enormous, for example, engine thrust of the rocket carrier. One can only imagine what must be such a dynamometer.

Your hands will hardly produce. But the principle of operation in "dynamometers” the same force deforms an elastic element, the device detects a magnitude of deformation.

Standard dynamometer

In the labs of the school lessons of physics to measure the force used a simple spring-loaded device. Consider how to make a dynamometer with their hands is not worse than school.

The framework that collects all the device – the usual plank of wood or a strip of polycarbonate, plastic, steel, many options. Located on the plate spring, one end of which is rigidly fixed, the other is associated with the body, through which is transmitted the force. Usually it is a steel hook. The degree of stretch of the spring is proportional to the applied stress. The uplift is reflected on the scale, which is applied in Newtons. That's dynamometer. Their hands do not have to make it from the springs will work perfectly with any elastic material, e.g., rubber.

Calibration

In order For the dynamometer worked, it needed to graduate. You can use the force of gravity. It is known that the force of one Newton corresponds to the weight of 102 grams. Calibrated dynamometer with their hands in the following sequence:

• The load cell is positioned vertically;
• While the spring is not loaded, the position of the pointer corresponds to a score of 0;
• The load cell is loaded with a weight of 102 grams, it turns out the mark of 1 Newton;
• Weight 204 grams will give the position of the label 2 Newton, etc.

As you can see, adjust the dynamometer with their hands is easy.

Different designs «home» load-cells

It is Necessary to determine the load to be measured. And the calculation is better done before you make a dynamometer. Their hands can be made as a powerful device so small, but more sensitive. And design options are many.

For Example, it is easy to make a dynamometer with their hands out gum. He is no different from the classic “school”. The only difference is that instead of a spring used by more available rubber, for example, from bottom fishing rods or aircraft modeling.

A Little imagination, and a device for measuring force turns ordinary disposable syringe. The device shown in the figure, the only thing we should focus is the syringe plunger, which is necessary to grind the circumference (or cut with a sharp knife) so that he can move inside the body of the syringe without effort.

If you want you can produce the load cell with their hands out pens, ordinary ball-point pen with a spring.

Rod must be cleaned of ink to whittle down the tip of the writing ball and the insert inside a regular clip.

The load on the piezoelectric elements

Dynamometers prefabrication in recent times often made using piezoelectric elements. The piezo-crystal, whose ends under mechanical compression appears a potential difference (voltage). The magnitude of this potential difference depends on the degree of compression.

The Dynamometers of this type are characterized by a lack of progress in stem (the sensing element is simply need to click), extreme accuracy and huge range. The piezoelectric elements are made as sensitive instruments for accurate measurement of small efforts and dynamometers, which measure the traction of tractors.