The organizational structure of the district court

In every Russian city there is a district court, and often not even one. What are the powers of these bodies, what do they do? What is the structure of the district court? All this will be discussed in the article.

General characteristics of the district court

Due to the legal reforms in Russia walking in a fast pace, the topic of the submitted paper is extremely relevant. Court decisions always have priority, and often even crucial.

The Russian district court is a Federal body that is part of the judicial branch of government. In addition, it is part of the courts of General jurisdiction. The action of the district court extends to a certain regional unit, which usually coincides with the administrative-territorial item. In the conduct of court is considered, as the pre-trial and post-trial proceedings. All of the functions performed by the district court, indicate the court as on the main link. It is also worth noting that the creation and abolition of the considered instances is only possible due to the adoption of some Federal laws relevant to the topic.

Authorization group

What is district court? The structure and powers of this instance will be described hereinafter.

Among the major roles and responsibilities of the district court is, in particular, to highlight the following key points:

• The Implementation of effective justice (proceedings of the first appellate court) criminal, administrative or civil matters in criminal proceedings. It should be noted that the entire process of consideration of cases as a first stage must be carried out individually or collectively. Moreover, consideration of cases on appeal is always one judge that is alone.
• Consideration of civil type (with the exception of cases within the jurisdiction of the military courts or other specialized courts, for example, mid-level courts or the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation).

What other functions must implement under consideration the courts will be explained later.

Authorization group

In Addition, the jurisdiction of district courts include the following:

• Cases of criminal type. However, some cases presented to the court to consider not. So, with the exception, again, are cases when it may consider either the magistrate or the courts of an average link.
• Control over the performance of their duties by bodies that are engaged in the search and investigation of offences and crimes.
• Timely appeal to the already made decisions on various matters, entered into force.

This is all basic duties that must efficiently implement any district court.

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Structure instance

What is the structure of the district court? The structure of the district court is fixed by article 33 of the law "On courts of General jurisdiction."

Under this provision, the authority should be formed consisting of the following persons:

• The Chairman of the authority;
• Vice-Chairman;
• District court judge.

About the judges, it is worth noting the fact that they are appointed by presidential decree and only in the quantities which will be sufficient to carry out effective proceedings in a particular territorial unit. In addition, the structure of the district court would be incomplete without a special auxiliary device, which also includes certain persons and experts. Each of the above employees of the court will be more fully explained hereinafter.

Judges

The Judge is the main after the presidents face, which contains the structure of the district court. This profession is probably the most complex and demanding office in the land. The judges are the many different types of claims, criteria and requirements.

All of their pins the law "On status of judges". What requirements there are?

• The referee must be over 25 years old;
• Must have a University education, certainly legal;
• Required minimum work experience of five years;
• Should be well completed all the necessary qualifying examination;
• Needs to be received special recommendation from the panel of judges;
• The judge should have an excellent reputation, without discrediting his actions, offences, crimes, etc.

The judge always depend on judgment. Therefore, the main function of this employee is the implementation of fair justice. This is a really important figure, the solution of which depends only on the current legislation. The judge must be just and fair: as with others and with yourself.

About the court

The Structure of the district court includes a special auxiliary apparatus. Its composition and functions are enshrined in article 38 of the Federal constitutional law "On courts of General jurisdiction of the Russian Federation".

Thus, in the auxiliary apparatus includes:

• Assistant head (Chairman) of the court;
• The judicial assistants (assist judges in the performance of theirresponsibilities);
• Administrator;
• Secretary (duties as a rule, during the court session);
• Criminal office;
• The office for civil cases;
• Each of the court;
• The HR Department;
• The documenter.

Strangely enough, but district courts are functioning practically only due to the auxiliary apparatus. He shall perform such functions as working with the judicial practice (synthesis, analysis and gathering of statistics of the court), the work on systematization of legislation, recruitment specialists, etc. Manages auxiliary device directly to the President of the court, and in case of his absence, his Deputy.

Principles

Before continuing with the story that represents the structure of the district court of General jurisdiction and its individual units, you need to pay attention to the basic principles and elements of competence of this body.

Thus, the Federal law on courts of General jurisdiction establishes the following basic principles of the considered instances:

• The unity of the whole structure;
• Complete independence of the employees of the court;
• The binding nature of all decisions issued by the court;
• Equality of the Russian citizens before the court, and before the law;
• Principles of openness and transparency;
• The principle of the irremovability of judges;
• The principle of the inviolability of judges;
• Full availability of all rights and guarantees for these workers.

Thus, all the principles of fixed and legally prescribed in the Constitution and in various Federal laws. What can you say about the competence of the district courts?

Competencies

According to the above-mentioned Federal laws, the district court is the court, occupies a position of middle managers in the judiciary power. What are the principles of competence of this body can be identified? What is the structure of the district courts? Under the law, the jurisdiction of the district courts are:

• Cases of a criminal nature;
• Cases of a civil nature;
• The case of an administrative nature;
• Appeals to magistrates;
• Examining and reviewing cases on again opened circumstances and details (including on decisions already entered into force);
• Research, compilation and design of practice and court statistics.

Thus, all the cases within the competence of the district courts clearly laid down in the relevant Federal laws and articles.

First Chairman

The Chairman of the district court has a fairly broad and comprehensive powers. As the head of the judicial authority, the Chairman has personal assistants who provide it with all necessary documents and certificates.

Nevertheless, the head of the considered instance, which is the structure of the Federal district court is obliged to observe a fairly large number of functions and meet many legal requirements. In particular, the Chairman should:

• Independently manage all meetings;
• To assign individual judges as persons, who shall preside at meetings;
• To distribute and consolidate the responsibilities and functions between employees of the court;
• Conduct independent reception of citizens;
• Organize the functioning of the court, namely the timely examination of complaints and statements.

The Second group presidency

Besides the above mentioned functions, the Chairperson of the considered instance, which presents the whole organizational structure of the district court, must deal with the following main cases:

• A qualitative study, design and synthesis of all necessary judicial practice and judicial statistics;
• To make the documentation in an appropriate state bodies, public and political organizations, individual officials in the case of the causes of delinquency, the fight against crime, etc.;
• To guide the work of the auxiliary of the judicial system;
• To organize courses for professional development for judicial officers;
• Organize the promotion of legal knowledge;
• Perform other functions, if any, provided by law.

Thus, the Chairman of the district court is obliged to execute a fairly large number of functions and responsibilities (even with assistive device).

Deputy Chairman

As mentioned above, the structure of the district court is composed of judges, the Chairman and his Deputy. What can you say about a Vice reporting instance? What powers he has?

If the Chairman of the district court is absent, all his functions for a certain time is taken by the Deputy; in the absence of the Chairman deputies, the authority adopts one of the judges. The same applies to cases where the President considered instance terminates or suspends his authority. Also, if the duties of the President, no one can make neither Governor nor judge, invited the judge of the nearest district authority for the performance of the relevant obligations.

It is also Worth noting that all of the timewhile the President of the court to independently perform his duties, the Deputy is engaged mainly in ancillary activities in the device instance.