Automation of systems of fire safety raised to a new level of quality to fight a fire. Outdated manual counterparts gradually fading, leaving place to more efficient devices. This also applies to the means of fire extinguishing and alarm systems that integrate seamlessly into such systems. At the same time, the installation of automatic fire extinguishing system (AFES) requires a professional approach at every stage of its implementation. A complete arrangement of an object means to detect fires and control includes activities for design, development and installation. If you follow the technological standards that will allow to avoid errors during installation.
Modern fire-fighting system designed to provide complete control in the process of extinguishing the fire without direct participation of the people. Depending on the constructive solution of the AFES can be divided into engineering systems and individual modules. The most simple is the installation of fire extinguishing systems of the modular type, since they have standardized device and is intended for standard objects – such as warehouses and industrial facilities. Much more difficult installation of the AFES engineering, as they require careful design, conduct and commissioning activities and in-depth service. Such fire suppression systems are more expensive, but can be implemented at various sites further to provide efficient localization of ignition increased safety for property and people.
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Despite the variety of classes, varieties and specifications of aspt, it is possible to allocate a common set of elements that form their structure. In particular, the installation of automatic fire extinguishing system involves equipping the facility with devices for the detection of ignition sources, control infrastructure and means of delivery of substances and materials for fire fighting. For detection of fire used alarm detectors: opto-electronic, thermal, gas and other models. Delivery of fire extinguishing depends on which substance is used. So, there are aspt working on aerosol, gas, water, foam, powders, etc. For their delivery can be used by pipelines, nozzle, various nozzles and sprinklers. The choice of extinguishing agents depends on the conditions of its application. For example, residential premises will be specific requirements for environmental safety in the operation of the system, and the production facilities at the forefront of efficiency – especially when fighting the wiring and explosives.
Scrubs are the most common. In this case the installation, which includes a special sprinkler – the so-called sprinkler. This element is integrated in the pipe system, which can be filled with air, foam or water. There are also combined models, in which the inlet piping system is always filled with water, and in the supply and distribution channels can be used air. Sprinkler system of fire extinguishing is capable of without human intervention to determine when to carry out their work. Initially, the sprinkler is in the closed position, it is provided that a heat lock. When reaching a certain temperature in the environment is depressurized closing the flask and after 5-10 minutes the unit starts a fire.
Despite the similarity of the deluge from the sprinkler installations, there are many fundamental differences. First, it is a different approach to the discovery of fire. Such systems have the fire alarm is not working due to the temperature-sensitive thermal flasks and locks, and using external detectors fire, there are fire alarms with associated sensors. Second, the water flow in deluge aspt more, and the irrigation system is generally more complex. Built-in nozzles can produce fine water drops size of 150 microns. While irrigating nozzles are ink-jet, gas-dynamic 2-phase, and can be equipped with baffles to split the jets. The most successful water deluge system to cope with the localization of fires, splitting a parcel into sectors, a barrier to the spread of foci of heat and prevent burning of toxic substances.
Modern aspt, which operate using gas extinguishing agents that can be installed in nonresidential and residential areas. It depends on what kind of gas is used. Lately, manufacturers include the use of such compositions as argonita and INERGEN, which belong to non-synthetic and do not have a harmful impact on the atmosphere. The principle of suppression in this case is based on the substitution of oxygen content reduction which leads to less burning. However, the installation of fire extinguishing systems for gas mixtures should include the fact that the sharp decrease in the level of oxygen may contribute to sickness in people who are in the room. And yet the main targets, where it is recommended to install automatic gas extinguishing systems are non-residential premises-server, libraries, museums, banks and offices. This is because in the process of extinguishing gas material values are fully preserved.
The Main task facing the designers is the drafting of technical and estimate documentation, which describes the system and its elements in the form of the article also provides normative data for the installation. The phased design of extinguishing systems can be represented as follows:
For visual display of the future of the fire-extinguishing system is required and the development of graphical documentation. In this case, the authors should prepare a plan which will take into account the specific characteristics of the site where the facility is located. In particular, indicate the exit paths from the territory, the possibilities for the entrance of special equipment, routing of water supply, arrangement of sprinklers, nozzles, hydrants, and alarm devices. If you use fixed extinguishing systems, it is necessary to consider also the location of the tanks and water tanks and pumping stations. Are mandatory and schemes, which are denoted by paths for evacuation of personnel, tenants and property. Planning a safe exit is not only in relation to specific building or structure, but also with the adjacent territory, within which the propagation of fire.
Depending on the type of the selected system during the installation process you may need to perform electrical, plumbing and welding operations. The wizard basically provides for the fixation of the system elements and their connection to the common infrastructure through special nodes. Standard installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system includes the following:
An Important element of such systems is the fire alarm, which may be part of a complex in the form of the mentioned sensors or to perform a separate function of the detector.
By and large, the entire technical infrastructure aspt aimed at the maintenance of material, which is fire fighting. In the case of water complexes the set of components of the system can be represented by the pump station, a reservoir for fluid, control units, piping and spraying devices. After designing the installation of automatic fire extinguishing systems of this type aims to correct the distribution and mixing of the elements in the total complex.
The Pump station may occupy a separate room, but necess...
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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