Temple in ants: description with photos

In Ancient Greece the temple was the most important building in the city. He served as the center of not only political but also public life, and was also used to store the state Treasury. One of the earliest types of sanctuaries was distyle temple (in Antis). Photo, history and description of the buildings you will find below in the article.

Features of ancient Greek religion

The Development of Greek culture is closely linked to education policies that appear in the early archaic period (750 BC). At this time, after a long Dark ages "Wake up” art, religion and architecture, which reached its apogee in the V-IV centuries BC.

Religion is one of the most important places in the life of the population and has a direct impact on the world. Many myths tell of a powerful, but imperfect, gods and heroes, nymphs and beasts.

In the view of the Greeks, the power of the gods is not unlimited. Still they are able to control certain forces of nature and protect people. At first they worshiped at the altars, which later transferred to the inside of the temples. Intermediaries between people and gods are the priests.

With final formation of policies in Ancient Greece, applies the tradition to worship the gods-patrons of a certain city. In their honor, built the largest and most grandiose temples. Great attention is paid to the decoration of buildings. This leads to the appearance of the order system, which is transmitted even Roman architecture.

Types of Greek temples

The Temples in Ancient Greece differed in appearance and size. Of course, everything depended on the development and importance of the cult or that bogatsva. Sometimes they were dedicated to the heroes and was called in that case geronimi.

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The Temples were the most important buildings, every detail of which, carried in itself not only aesthetic function, but also meaning. All components of the buildings had a clearly-defined parameters and proportions. And rules for their combination are dictated by the order system (Doric, ionic or Corinthian).

There were several types of temples. Their main difference was in the number and location of columns. The oldest type is a distyle temple in Antis. He had only two columns on the front façade. The following buildings have complicated their designs:

• Prostyle - four columns at the main entrance;
• Double prostyle (amphiprostyle) – the porticoes with four columns on the front and rear doors;
• Periptera – surrounded by a colonnade;
• Dipter – on the sides were placed on two rows of columns;
• Pseudodispar – one row of columns on the sides;
• Monoter – the building is circular, surrounded by a row of columns.

All the buildings, except monoptera, were rectangular in shape. They consisted of the main room – the naos or cella. In the front were generally canopy or vestibule. In the depth of the naos housed the altar with a statue of the deity, to whom the temple was dedicated. The rear facade was often opisthodome – a storage room for donations and utensils of the temple.

Temple in ants: description

The First temple was an altar in the form of statues of deities that were placed in the middle of green groves. Later appear more serious construction, reminiscent of home. The material is wood, then stone and clay.

The Temple in antes – an example of the architectural structures of the early archaic period. The ancient Greeks represent the Church as a divine building, and therefore building it the type of dwelling. The technique and skill of the builders were much inferior to the preceding Mycenaean culture. Temple in Antis were built of raw (unbaked brick) and clay.

In terms of construction is reminiscent of Megaron-the most ancient form of Greek housing, which already existed in the third Millennium BC. After the altar, the temple in antes was the most simple type of religious buildings. It consisted of a cella, and the entrance portico of two columns.

Anta or ant – represent the side ledges, which is a continuation of the longitudinal walls of the buildings. They frame and support columns, based on them the eaves.

A Treasury of Athens at Delphi

Distyle is one of the oldest types of Greek temples. Most of them currently remained only the Foundation. The most famous temple in ants (see photo below) is located in Delphi. It is a treasure trove of Athens, discovered in the twentieth century.

According to the researchers ' findings, the temple was built at the turn of the VI and V centuries BC in the period of the Athenian hegemony. The main “message”, which bears the building, is the exaltation of the democratic regime, and his victory over the power of tyrants. According to another version, based on the descriptions of Pausanias, a temple was erected as a sign of victory over the Persians after the decisive battle of Marathon.

The Temple in antes, located at Delphi, was preserved only partially, but enough to determine its shape. The elements of the frieze that he left behind, stored in the Delphi archaeological Museum. And on a place of detection of the Treasury delivered a copy of plaster.

Ancient temple in Russia

Recently the remains of an ancient temple in ants was discovered on the territory of Russia. Sanctuaryfound near the modern village of hay. Archaeological excavations at the site conducted since 1936, but the temple itself is found only in 2013.

In the days of Ancient Greece it was located one of the colonies – Phanagoria. The city already found the remains of the sanctuary of Aphrodite in marble pedestals, marble statues and burial mounds of the ancient necropolis.

The Newly found temple was located within the Upper city-the Acropolis. It was quite small and covered an area of 12 square meters. The building is a typical temple in Antis with two columns, the naos (the Central room) and pronaos (Annex building near the entrance). It is the oldest ancient temple in Russia. It was built around the V century BC, and that's what deity it is dedicated to, remains a mystery.

The Value of churches

Greek temples were usually located on a hill in the Upper part of the policies. They were within the Acropolis, the Central figure of which was the temple of the chief God or goddess. In Athens, for example, such a building was the Parthenon.

The Buildings had a clear location and always focused on the East. Religious ceremonies and celebrations were held in front of the temple. Inside of it was allowed to enter only priest. Residents of the city could step high on the territory of the pronaos.

The Temple in Ancient Greece was not just a building. He was the center of social life and a meeting place. In the event of an attack on the policy, it served as a refuge for residents. In addition, he was a kind of Bank - opisthodome main temple kept the city Treasury.