Arthur Schnitzler: biography, creativity, play

Arthur Schnitzler-known Austrian writer and playwright, known for his famous plays and novels that have become classics of world literature. His work is very versatile, so many researchers have difficulty in determining the direction to which it belongs. His works are extremely interesting in that it is possible to determine the state of the literature at the turn of 19-20 centuries.

Early career

Arthur Schnitzler was born in Vienna in 1862, into a Jewish family. His father was a doctor, and a young man, following the example of parent, have entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. For several years he worked as a psychoanalyst, worked in the clinic of his father and even was engaged in scientific work. However, feeling an interest in literature and theatre, he pretty soon gave up medical practice and took up writing. Fame came to him not immediately. At first, it works either passed unnoticed or aroused strong dissatisfaction among some literary critics.

However, by the beginning of the First world war Arthur Schnitzler became quite known among the intellectuals. His work initially was in the style of modernism. The writer began with the creation of one-act plays, which were quite popular at the turn of the century. “second” (1893) – this is the story of a poet, a dandy who is in constant search of himself and his own creative life. He leads rather an idle life, which is a series of love Affairs and adventures. He contrasted the image of his friend max – sane and sober reasoning of a man who tries to stop his friend and occasionally helps him in his conflicts with women. Anatole is constantly cheating on his beloved, but himself often deceived – motive, characteristic of the writer.

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Modern society

Arthur Schnitzler paid much attention to the image of contemporary society. At the turn of the century among the intelligentsia there was an atmosphere of despondency and anguish in connection with the crisis of cultural life. Clearly made itself felt contradictions in the Empire, representing a motley conglomerate of peoples United only by the territory. Tense socio-political situation affected the literature. Young writers increasingly began to portray the degradation of high society, the expansion of ethics. A large role was playing the love theme. Schnitzler Arthur was taking quite a lot of attention. In the plays “Skazka” and “Flirt” he again returned to the theme of betrayed love, showing the tragedy for example, the fate of the actress and a simple country girl.

Popularity in Russia

The Writer became famous in our country after the publication of his novel, “Lieutenant Gusti" (1901). This work is fundamentally different from what he wrote before: this novel presents the internal monologue of the protagonist, who due to empty collision with a Baker in the dressing room of the concert hall is experiencing a storm of emotions. He takes it as an insult, what was the impetus for a chain of reasoning of this character.

In contrast to the previous works of the author, this story has no clear narrative structure and plot. Because the writer was very fond of psychoanalytic theory Z. Freud, much attention was paid to the description of the emotional experiences of his characters. Therefore, the author in our country has sometimes been compared to Dostoevsky and Chekhov, which probably explains the reason of its popularity in Russia. Many critics, poets wrote articles and reviews of his writings that speaks about serious interest of the Russian intelligentsia to his work (A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva, L. Trotsky).

Flourishing prose

In the last decade of the 19th century and early 20th-century writer was known as a talented novelist with the release of novels. One of them, “the wife of the sage" tells the story of an unusual love story between the hero and a young woman, which, however, was his age. The story begins with the moment several years after this event. Hero comes to the resort and unexpectedly meets a woman he once loved but was forced to flee out of fear of getting caught her husband. In a conversation with her, he learns that her husband forgave her, and she doesn't understand and continues to live the dream of love. Gradually he begins to perceive everything that happens like a dream – the main motive in the work of the writer, formed under the influence of Freud's theories. In this respect the author is adjacent to the Viennese Impressionists. Among his most famous prose works can be identified such as "Teresa", "Frau Beate and her son”.

Main theme

One of the most famous writers of the 20th century was Arthur Schnitzler. “Dance” - a work which became the quintessence of his work. However love problem solved by it in the spirit of Freud and impressionism, cross-cutting theme runs through all his writings. All the characters are, as a rule, pass through the test of that feeling. In the works of writers intertwine sentimental, romantic and naturalistic motifs, the latter clearly predominate. The author pays great attention to detaileddescription luxury high society, which emphasizes the spiritual decline of influential nobles and of the fashion beauties.

Forbidden play

A True master of impressionism was Arthur Schnitzler. “Dance”, which is pretty straightforward, has become the most controversial of his works. The author again applied to the description of the love Affairs of his characters, but if you had the love line is developing on the background of the description of social reality, which was also occupied an important place in creativity of the writer, but now he concentrated solely on the analysis of the love adventures of the characters, and described their adventures in too naturalistic. Here you can see the influence of the famous French novelist guy de Maupassant. The public was outraged by a series of explicit scenes that, in fact, was the subject of the play. There is no clear story, the author describes several amorous encounters of the heroes of different ranks and classes.

Storyline

Arthur Schnitzler, "Love dance" which became a Central work in his oeuvre, was famous as a subtle psychologist who was able to accurately convey subliminal movements and experiences of his characters. In this play reflected the most characteristic features of creativity of the playwright: the image of the depravity of contemporary society, the decline of moral values and abandon of morals. In the novel characters are officer, street girl, poet, actress, young woman, young man, a powerful count. The author has always sought to show the representatives of the different classes and present their behavior in different situations. The first meeting takes place in night city, on the banks of the Danube, then the author is transferred to residential areas, describing the dark room, where the pair meet again.

Features

The Product of “Dance” (a play by Austrian playwright Arthur Schnitzler) has received notoriety largely due to the fact that the author showed too openly promiscuous love Affairs of the characters. The audience thought it was the product of a vulgar and indecent, although some theaters still tried to put it. This time the playwright to focus solely on the cynical depiction of love - he did not soften the paint, in its drama no hero, whom we would like to empathize or sympathize. In the book there is nothing life-affirming or light, there is no moral or ethical ideas, which makes the play is very pessimistic and sad. Not surprisingly, the show “Dance” on the play by Arthur Schnitzler was scandalous. The audience did not want to take this story, it came even before that scene they threw smoke bombs. In our days this work is perceived very ambiguous because of its controversial plot.

War years

The Play “Dance” Arthur Schnitzler is a description of the love Affairs of the heroes of different ranks, classes and ages. This theme is Central in his prose, in which he by subtle psychological analysis tried to explain the motives of the passion. However, the war was a serious shock, and it affected his work. The author was less to write and yet he created one of his most iconic works – the novel “the Return of Casanova”, which tells the story of the famous old lover, did not want to give up their positions and entered into a rivalry with a young Lieutenant who does not take him seriously. In the following years, the light came his other novels, including the essay “Miss Elsa”.

The Writer once again resorted to his favorite reception – internal character monologue through which the reader gets the opportunity to understand its psychology. A young girl, the daughter of a prosperous lawyer, suddenly learns about the destruction of the father, and this prompts her to serious mental reflection on how to help the parent who asked for her help. In my mind it simulates and designs a variety of situations is talking with friends, and thus, the story turns into an inner monologue of the heroine.

Recent years

After the war and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the writer has remained faithful to his favorite topics image of pre-war life of the country. So, in the short story “the dawn” the main character, Lieutenant, how would rehabilitate the old Austrian army. However, the author it was hard to accept the collapse of the Empire and a radical break with the old traditions and way of life. At the same time there is a tragedy in his personal life. His daughter, married at a very young age committed suicide, precipitating the death of the author. He died of a stroke in 1931.

Significance

Prose and drama figure prominently in world literature. One-act plays, short stories, and novels of Schnitzler's became a landmark event in the cultural life of Europe at the turn of the century. Some researchers associate his works with the works of the Impressionists, others – from the modernists. One way orotherwise, but his works are interesting because they reflect the life of contemporary Hungarian society, both higher and lower.

In addition, he introduced into literature the notion of "inner monologue" that had a great influence on the development of psychological directions in prose. His observations of love relationships are not only naturalism, but also a psychological analysis. Largely because of that got the European fame of Arthur Schnitzler. "Dance" represents the totality of the love scenes between different people, - the most striking example of a play that demonstrates the author's desire to describe intimate aspects of human life.