Project management – is an essential element of a modern system of management in Russia. Many domestic and foreign companies use project management to improve the quality of products and services, reduce costs, increase profits. What is project management and what are its main benefits?
The Concept of “project” can be interpreted completely differently. The first option involves the definition of a project as a set of documentation on the construction of a building or structure. In this article we will talk about the second meaning of the word “project”.
Definitions of the project very much, although they all agree on one thing: the project is an idea that involve the performance of specific financial tasks in a limited period of time. Call the main features of the project:
If you meet all three conditions, the set of actions can be called.
Projects are often combined in programs and portfolios. Thus programs called complex projects, which are United by a common purpose. For example, a program to improve the quality of education of the population may include projects to increase teachers ' salaries by 20%, the construction of 15 new schools, issue 26 of new textbooks in core subjects.
The project Portfolio integrates projects financed from one source, regardless of their tasks. Thus, the company's portfolio of projects N may include projects for charity, for the construction of a new corporate office, for the celebration of the anniversary of the Director and increase the annual turnover by 10%.
Projects in portfolios and programs must also have the above-described three main characteristics.
Because of the dynamically developing market of technologies designed to facilitate the control process, it is difficult to name specific methods, fully describing project management.
Project Management involves a variety of approaches and tools and is based on the following main principles:
To Stimulate the participants of the project usually pays special attention that the specific tasks chosen project management. Project management usually involves tangible and intangible motivational mechanisms.
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Financial incentives include bonuses, penalties, bonuses for early completion of intermediate tasks.
Intangible methods of motivation include disciplinary letters and gifts in the form of compensatory time off, as well as the deployment of competition among the participants of the project within the contest.
Project Management is done in stages of the project life cycle and phases of the complexity of management. The relationship of stages and phases is given in the table below.
PHASE: | Cost Management | Time Management | Managing content | Risk Management |
STAGES: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Initiation | Preliminary assessment of funding | The Preliminary estimate project timelines | Identify the key challenges | Preliminary analysis of the possible negative factors |
Planning | Calculation of the budget and finding sources of funding | Calculation of project schedule | Calculation of target indicators of the project | Calculation of adjustments for risk |
Implementation of | Control of the implementation schedule | Monitoring the achievement of milestones | Monitoring of changes in key factors | |
Closing | Assessment of the profit/ loss | Estimate of the lag/lead | Evaluation of performance/non-performance of project tasks | Analysis of errors |
Thus, the field of project management include financial, human, structural areas of the organization.
Project management structure involves the breaking of all the work of the organization on projects, time-bound and targets. This forms each project team and team of project managers who report to the head on the progress of your project.
In this regard, project management is used, usually, in organizations of various sectors and sizes, with a wide range of concurrent orders. However, in a small business applies project management for specific tasks on modernization of production or, for example, the introduction of a new product.
In the construction industry especially important is the use of the methodology of project management. In the companies, carrying out functions of the customer, contractor, project management utilizes the natural division of work on the projects (product principle, that is, the construction of each building is a separate project), and the structure of top management practically requires a major reorganization.
Management of the project organization is also often carried out on the project principle, successfully using the already formed groups of designers as the project team.
Project management in government – quite a new trend of modernity. Program-target method of management, emerging from the Soviet period, has now taken the form of project management across the country. Now for the solution of strategically important tasks for the state use program, including individual projects against targets and deadlines. However, the methodology for the management of such a program is far from ideal and in need of modernization and updates.
The Project governance is well established worldwide. In Russia there is an experience of application of this technology in the Belgorod region.
This large-scale experiment has affected virtually all aspects of civil service in the Belgorod region. Among the key elements – Training of project management, organizational and methodological support, Field inspection, motivation, assessment of competency, the expert Commission on consideration of projects.
Project management of the Belgorod region now includes the collegiate bodies of project management:
Within the framework of the transition to project management of the Belgorod region in 2010 moved for approval of investment projects through the system “single window”, is now well-known in Moscow. The role of this window, just performs one of newly introduced services – regional project office. Now exactly a month since the treatment in a project office entity receives a document on the agreement.
Informational and technical support of project management in the Belgorod region is carried out through automated information system (AIS) "Project management". Is a web application that does not require installing additional software and performs the following functions for projects, portfolios and programmes:
The experience of introducing project management in the Belgorod region was successful. The effect of these changes resulted primarily in an increase in the rate of growth of the gross regional product of 0.1% (over 3 billion), reducing spenttime for approval of projects (for 2 months per project) and increase the speed of development investment in the region by 23%. However, the most important result is the formation of design thinking in employees who actively analyze and try to solve the problem, sometimes even unconventional, innovative ways.
Motivation and the restructuring of the management structure allowed us to obtain a positive effect not only for the civil service, but also for businesses, forming a favorable investment climate and eliminating barriers to entrepreneurship.
The region's Population now actively participates in the selection and monitoring of the implementation of important strategic projects. For people project management – is the ability to use the services of high quality and high mobility.
However, despite all advantages of the project management structure, there are drawbacks to this approach.
First and foremost, a period of transition. It takes time in order for the project team worked well together and functioned as a harmonious mechanism.
Second, the introduction of project management in the enterprise, searching for a good project Manager may be delayed. Personal and professional qualities of the project Manager very high requirements: full qualification, a full immersion in the project, experience project management required specificity.
The Third lack of project management can be considered the need of crushing the company resources between projects. In “poor” firms, this can be impossible. Project managers will have “fight” for Finance and personnel, which is unacceptable in the conditions of total control of all stages of the project life cycle.
One of the most important drawbacks of project way of management in organizations is the employment of members of the project team and project Manager after its completion. Download team, as you know, the most important rule of successful business, and if project works occur regularly “hanging out” of a group of professionals who are simultaneously deprived of a constant load.
In summary, we can conclude that project management – it is an integral part of modern business space and a study of its basics is essential for competent management decisions both at the state level and within individual businesses.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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