We All have different frequency of use railway transport. However, know virtually nothing about how it works. No, of course, many people can boast knowledge of the way the locomotive and how it moves on the tracks. But in reality, the understanding of how operates the system of Railways, and what is caused by the throughput of the whole directions and ordinary passengers do not possess.
If you are interested in the issue, you will be very useful for our article. It is dedicated to intermediate stations, which in our country are in large number in almost all places where there are rails and trains. I want to see that the value of these items underestimated by many. But the very existence of the Railways is questionable without well-coordinated work of the intermediate stations. Today we will give all the necessary information on the presented topic. Reveal the meaning of the term and describe the purpose of the separate paragraph of the railroad. In addition, list the types of intermediate stations and denote them by the device.
To Begin this article I would like clarification of the term that we often use today. What is the interim station? If you do not go into the technical characteristics, we can say that by this phrase is understood to mean the point located on the rail network, which performed the service compositions, as well as the overtaking and passing.
Parallel to the intermediate station provide loading and unloading works and service of passengers. They are always hosting a variety of devices, and produced numerous technical operations of a different nature.
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All along the railway tracks to provide capacity, there are various points that implement a number of complex operations.
The Inhabitants are often confused with each other intermediate stations and sidings. Although actually between them there is one most important difference, which you just need to remember. According to the technical regulations on the road and one-way paths are not executed loading and unloading. For them these items not have the necessary equipment and not built appropriate entrances. Also it is impossible to carry out passenger operations in the absence of stations, ticket offices and other specified by the rules object.
But the work stations are organized in such a way to concurrently carry out the technical, passenger and cargo operations. To do this, they are placed on the tracks at certain distances. These intervals clearly defined in the rules, which we will discuss in more detail later.
In the railway transport data are well equipped with items play a very important role. Because the workload and throughput of entire areas are directly dependent on the bandwidth of individual items throughout the process. To make them as efficient as possible, they are equipped with the prescribed regulations a number of ways and various devices required for operation.
The Purpose of the described train of points can be reflected in the form of a long list with lots of items. During the working process usually includes the following operations:
It is Worth considering that in some ways perhaps the arrival of trains. Such universal points every year becomes more and more.
As you know, at intermediate stations daily number of operations. They are divided into several types, most often they are combined into three broad groups:
All of the above work is performed in the presence of certain devices. They are also an integral part of the interim railway stations.
Intermediate station railwayequipped respectively with strict rules, otherwise they will not be able to fully carry out all the prescribed functions. If we consider the main characteristics, the station must have branched gridiron. This is necessary in order to increase the throughput in a certain direction. With this goal laid not only the basic way but dead ends, loading and unloading, exhaust, and receiving and departure. The result is a complex, allowing to carry out simultaneously several types of operations.
As an intermediate station served by the passenger contingent, they must have the necessary infrastructure. It includes building stations, boarding platforms, storage, transitions, and residential premises. Thanks to all these objects become very useful items for transfer to another branch or landing on your train.
To implement the cargo operations of the station be equipped with special mechanisms and sites where such operations can be conducted without reducing the bandwidth of the paragraph.
Also, each station must have switch positions, various communication devices, a modern system of water supply and lighting.
Judging by these nuances, it becomes clear that not only the work of the intermediate points is clearly regulated, but their design and construction are governed by the rules prescribed in the technical documentation.
The Design of intermediate stations is done according to the technical-administrative acts and WPS. In the future, these documents will regulate all the work of a new paragraph.
To date, all existing railway tracks of the station of the described type are located at intervals of twenty meters. On newly laid lines, this distance is increased. The stations are approximately sixty meters.
Some stations are located near large industrial facilities, so access routes are synchronized in such a way to make the passenger flow and carry out the unloading-loading products or necessary materials.
Technical and managerial acts reglamentary all matters concerning the reception and service compositions. Routings contain more detailed recommendations on the work of the intermediate stations. Here are often listed timeframe allotted for a particular operation, the graphics processing cars and the intervals at which you want to send the compositions.
Interestingly, in these documents, you can even find information on the device of the intermediate stations. For example, a typical station building shall not be less than one hundred and fifty square meters. Moreover, its maximum size is also limited, top bar are four hundred squares.
Here you can see that on the normal station the number of paths varies from two to four. Intermediate station of Moscow and Moscow region have the highest throughput due to the four receiving-departure tracks. Their number is in direct proportion to the region where the point.
Intermediate stations are divided into several types based on different characteristics. For example, the typology may affect the number of receiving-departure tracks, the placement of devices for loading or the location of access roads.
However, most often there are three types of intermediate stations. They are classified according to the location of receiving-departure tracks. It is influenced by many factors. First builders appreciate the terrain of the planned freight and passenger traffic on the direction and the nature of the work of the future station. And based on all of the findings they begin to device ways of one type or another. Again, there can be only three:
For example, in conditions with difficult weather conditions and terrain are points with a transverse paths. This is several times reduces the amount of implemented works and speeds up construction. Such intermediate station, for example, was constructed at BAM.
To the readers it more clear the device we describe items according to the typology, we give a brief overview and will try in simple language to explain the schemes of work in these centers.
The Work is carried out in four main schemes. According to the first receiving-departure path runs parallel to the main paths on each side of him. In another embodiment, they can be placed on one side of the main path, and the third type involves the placement of the truck and exhaust paths away from the main traffic flow from the opposite side of the station.
Depending on your schema is built work station. It can produce a collision of trains, their overtaking and to perform these operations simultaneously. To do this, even and odd trains are taken on different paths, and depending on the traffic one is skipped forward or in the direction of arrow translates to another branch.
The Throughput of stations receiving and departure path is arranged along the longitudinal type, is much higher than other options. Howeverthe construction of such items are expended big money, and requires extensive excavation. Moreover, this arrangement is often impossible in certain areas in connection with the peculiarities of the terrain.
The Items of this type have a shorter platform for maneuvering. Formulations are not able to directly switch from one main direction to another. All manipulations are made on a small piece of the main paths located on the back side of the main building of the station.
This arrangement significantly limits the throughput of the item. All work is performed in stages, as it is virtually impossible to simultaneously carry out all manipulations with the trains.
Despite the fact that this type of device is slightly inferior to the previous one, there is still organized quite comfortable conditions for reception and departure of passengers and their movement and accommodation of trucks. At these points of possible simultaneous reception of trains running in the opposite direction.
Several decades ago, this device was considered the most convenient and cost effective. Freight and passenger way was located near the station and each other. This greatly reduced the cost of construction of an intermediate point and shortened the time of loading and unloading the trains. In the end, it was convenient brand to all stakeholders: employees, senders and recipients of goods, and primarily the state agencies funding the construction of the station.
But over time there were definite drawbacks of such devices. At the slightest increase in traffic, all work had to stand on a separate platform. In the end, the passengers have while boarding the train to cross some tracks, and they produce interfere the loading work. Of course, security in this case, can not speak.
In recent years, the cross the stations has been built with a slightly different plan. Cargo entrances have away from the main paths and behind the station building. This allows the composition of different purpose not intersect, and the workers can do their duties without worrying about the safety of passengers.
Modern railway track for the most part are double track. Therefore, they might arrangement of the three types of intermediate stations. It is important to provide isolation maneuverable work from the rest, and the load device are located away from the main passenger flow.
When you have a choice preference on the two-lane ways is always longitudinal arrangement of the. Its advantages are obvious:
Interestingly, in recent years actively carried out the reconstruction of the cross-station types. If possible, rework them in a longitudinal or polypropolene, such as the more popular and convenient.
In previous sections we have already mentioned that the passenger terminal needs to include the station platform, and covered passages. However, they can be open. It is not forbidden by the rules of the arrangement.
If necessary, the station building can be combined with technical facilities and various offices. The location of the building relative paths are strictly governed by the rules of construction. For example, the station can not be built closer to twenty meters from the main path of the intermediate stations. If in the direction of put high-speed trains, this distance should be increased to twenty-five meters. However, the maximum limit shall not exceed fifty meters.
The Platform designed for the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, can not be higher than two hundred millimeters, and their length should correspond to the maximum possible length of the passenger composition. In addition, each platform is constructed in such a way that if necessary it can be increased to eight hundred meters. If we are talking about platforms serving commuter trains, they are designed to increase to five hundred meters.
Width of these structures also meet the standards. It may not be less than six meters. Their settings exist for the transitions, halls and gatherings located around the station.
Tickets for intermediate stations are sold at the box office, but sales scheme has some peculiarities. For example, some areas appear only after the train has already left from the start point of the route.
In other cases, you can purchase tickets at the box office intermediate stations three days before the intended visit.
Article in other languages:
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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/b-znes/39068-prylada-praca-pramezhkavyh-stancyy.html
DE: https://tostpost.com/de/business/38596-aufbau-und-betrieb-von-zwischen-stationen.html
ES: https://tostpost.com/es/centro-de/38358-el-funcionamiento-estaciones-intermedias.html
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JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/business/21130-the-structure-and-operation-of-intermediate-stations.html
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PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/biznes/41137-urz-dzenie-i-praca-po-rednich-stacji.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/neg-cios/40790-o-dispositivo-e-o-trabalho-de-esta-es-intermedi-rias.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/business/35957-cihaz-ve-i-istasyonlar-ara.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/b-znes/39905-pristr-y-robota-prom-zhnih-stanc-y.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/business/40462-the-structure-and-operation-of-intermediate-stations.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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