To place new production on-site, which provided infrastructure and energy, especially organized industrial parks. This education must be provided with all necessary conditions of administrative-legal plan. It is managed by one or more specialized companies.
Industrial parks are special industrial sites, which are independent companies from different or from same industry. Territory for all enterprises in common, because the production, to share its infrastructure, very often linked, because together we create added value and use the services of a management company - private or public. Chemists industrial parks is the so - called chemical for enterprises have a much closer industry connections.
There is the Association of industrial parks, which are produced by a single documents, including for the non-commercial partnership. Industrial or industrial parks are still managed by single operator specialized complex of a number of objects of real estate, which is primarily land, then industrial, administrative, warehouse and other structures and premises. Throughout transport and engineering infrastructure.
The essential characteristics of this industrial zone should be primarily earth with a specific permitted use that is industrial. Capital construction of major specialized facilities should be completed. Engineering infrastructure needs to be established. There shall be a management company.
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Special emphasis on legal terms. As mentioned above, should be legally agreed on almost all points of existence of the industrial Park: by category of land permitted use of buildings, design approvals regarding fire and environmental safety. All legal requirements and standards must be adhered to, including the rental of industrial premises must be designed according to the law.
For the success of the industrial Park needed many components: the abundance of labor resources, and geographically close markets, primarily transport accessibility (it is best integration of all available types of it - from road and rail transport to air and water). Engineering infrastructure should be well developed, energy resources and even excessive.
Residents permits and administrative procedures shall have the possibility of a simplified procedure of them. The premises under the production of well-equipped industrial Park is very fitted and modern equipped. Housing for employees and social infrastructure can't be far. Industrial area usually has the possibility of diversifying or expanding production. In the work of a successful industrial Park are used the most advanced engineering solutions.
The First creation of the industrial Park occurred in England in 1896. A prominent financier Ernest Hawley bought ten acres of Manchester shore channel, and then began to think about how to dispose of the land. He quickly built premises for the production, but - again - not under my. The idea is to create an industrial Park developed gradually. First created a transport and engineering infrastructure.
Then the financier has decided to lease the industrial enterprises owned stations. The case moved from the dead point, and later the Holy sites started to sell. So was born the first in the world industrial Trafford Park. In 1910 it was here that Henry Ford brought his American dream is Europe's first automobile factory, and ten years later already more than three hundred companies took his example and moved their offices and production from America to Manchester. So industrial land has been developed by enterprising people.
What is the creation of industrial Park for its owners? It facility management - management of objects by a special form of outsourcing where business parties can through the concentration of the main activities to benefit, defeating the competition in a variety of ways. There are synergies and economies of scale when capital-intensive infrastructure, reduced spending on essential services, as enterprises are concentrated.
The Developer or the management company provides facility management, that is, even fire protection at the industrial Park may be your own. Use all the positive factors, including the location and the location of the industrial Park, thus increase its appeal, reduce its own costs of the proceedings. There is an opportunity to expand the business by opening new production, because the rent of industrial buildings in the Park are much lower.
From the beginning of the sixties of the twentieth century, the concept of industrial Park has been used more and more actively. In Russia they began to appear only in the post-perestroika period, which was associated with the automotive industry and the development of the chemical industry. In the vast majority of cases opened industrial parks in Russia by Western companies.
Unfortunately, unsuitable territories, literally in the open field, almost tripping ready for a production site, which with the closure of the domestic industry in the country is a huge variety. In addition, by law the status of an industrial Park in Russia is not yet fixed, but created by the Association, and that's a dead point has moved. The main thing - to involve relevant services to meet health, environmental safety, use of hazardous substances would be under control, and water use was carried out according to the rules.
The World practice shares the existing industrial parks into three main models.
1. The Park, which includes infrastructure management company, providing businesses, in addition to space for production, a number of services and the entire infrastructure. Most often, this management company is the owner of the industrial Park, but it is not required. Services it is part of the free market, if a framework agreement does not provide for the consumption of services is mandatory.
2. Separate industrial parks, often small, attracting the company for services by either the client infrastructure management firms who have placed in their territory to their production.
3. Industrial parks with anchor investor (major user) which performs all the functions of infrastructure management.
The Energy here is considered not only as electricity but also as all other necessary materials that are distributed by pipeline and cable networks: gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, compressed air and so on), water (special, for certain industries, cooling, desalinated, technical, drinking and so on), refrigerants (ammonia, freon), and the like. The production of steam special role as our industrial parks manufacturing it is not limited to the needs of steam heating, there are many production-enhancing efficiency of work, CHP.
Waste management is also one of the most important tasks of any management company, since this should be done professionally, because in the industrial parks is not only industrial and household waste, but often toxic waste, for utilization of which requires a special furnace. Also needs its own treatment plant for industrial effluents.
The Experts came to a common opinion about what is competitive advantage of industrial parks. This, of course, providing infrastructure to all hosted production, because from this depends the success of this project and all production deadlines. The arrangement of the space for several industries helps to save infrastructure costs, to cooperate with industrial parks such a plan is much easier to attract investors.
Developers often underestimate the complexity of the issues relating to the organization of infrastructure, so there is protracted, and the empty parks can't work on the efficiency of the industry. Industrial Park must have investment appeal. And as such it can only make a well-built infrastructure. The usual industrial area that is a lack of supply of necessary services and differ from industrial parks.
The Industrial firm located in the industrial Park, there is no need to deal with their own security or waste management or logistics. All this is taken care of by the Park owner or management company. Despite the fact that there are firms from different or even from the same industry, the links between them are arranged unshakable due to the production processes. For example, the company receives raw material and produces a material, the other picks up the chain and from which it produces prefabricated, and then the third company produces semi-finished of finished product.
The Low displacement makes it competitive due to very attractive prices. The company is located in the same area, not so much spent on services from the infrastructure, since the costs are divided into all, and get much less than if each managed their own infrastructure. Efficiency increases because all efforts are focused only on production. The focus of the conceptual industrial parks, residents are using a specialized service. Provided from infrastructure management services is consistently high, the environment for doing business is favorable.
Currently in Russia there is a huge need for support and development of industrial parks. The statebegins to take care of this by providing subsidies and tax breaks, special programs for credit. Quite successfully operate such parks in Kaluga (Grabtsevo), where is the plant "Volkswagen". There is total area of the Park - more than seven hundred and thirty acres, and only about seventy still empty.
You can Also cite the example of industrial Park "Vorsino", where the premises for the production of received plants such as Nestle, NLMK, Samsung and others. There is a well-developed Park on the territory of special economic zone - industrial Park of the Baltic (Kaliningrad), there will soon begin to work with even own port complex. Such achievements are explained by experts by the fact that there is a mandatory and the most serious state support. Local projects that are only supported at the regional level, developing is not so fast and not so big.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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