Tanks of the Second world war, American. As developing tanks and how they look now?

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2019-11-29 23:20:20

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Despite the fact that the brunt of the shock troops of the Wehrmacht took over the Red army and the Soviet people, American allies still managed to make war. Of course, for them the war (to that is not to say the latest blockbusters) have deployed mainly in the Pacific area.

tanks of the second world war, the usIn many ways, to break the resistance of the Japanese and making money on lend-lease helped them tanks of the Second world war. American cars are not so known, but some of them were of a good performance.

Light tanks

Given that the legendary engineer Christie just did was American, it is not surprising abundance of light tanks in the United States. There were four, not counting a decent amount of a variety of modifications.

M3 "Stuart"

The American light tanks were created in 1940, and as a base used "cavalry" M1 light tank М2А4. The layout was classic: MTO was located in the rear of the hull, fighting compartment, and the controls were in the middle of the machine, the leading rollers were located on the nose.

The chassis was used by the typical American decision at the time: four small paired rink on each side, as well as idlers, fortified with powerful springs. The hull and turret were made of ordinary sheet armor by welding and riveting. Weapons – five “Brownings" 7.62 mm and gun caliber 37 mm.

Its Latest modification, М3А3, was released in 1942. Instead of five machine guns left only three. In the manufacture of this model was used mainly welding, the plates of armor were located with rational slope. It is considered the most widespread light tank in the world, as just a couple of years was released almost 24 thousand cars. Very much "stewards" delivered to the USSR under lend-lease. In a separate South American countries “old people” could be seen in service until the 90-ies of the 20th century.

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M5 "Stuart"

modern American tanksRepresents a further development of the ideas embodied in М3А3. In principle, this American branch of tanks are generally very similar, as engineers tried to use only proven solutions (mass production). Armed with stood all the same 37 mm gun and three "Browning" 7.62 mm. this time the gun was equipped with the stabilizer of the line of sight.

Tank differed from its predecessor principally new propulsion provided by two V-shaped petrol engines with liquid cooling, a fundamentally new design of the entire hull and turret, as well as new instruments of control.

M22 "locust"

In 1944 due to the pressing need of the airborne divisions in his own armor was developed and adopted by the M22 "locust". In principle, these American light tanks differed little from the M3. The layout has remained absolutely identical: transmission, management, and leading rinks were in front of the body, compartment for crew - in the middle, and the engines located in the rear.

Completely rethought was the only construction of the power plant, as it used six-cylinder petrol engine, the highlight of which was a horizontal arrangement of the cylinders. It is possible to make the entire tank much more compact, reducing its silhouette and dimensions. The gun remained the same. The location and design of the rollers were inherited from the M3. Only idlers have been made more massive, paired with better quality springs.

M24 "Chaffee"

These American tanks of world began produced also in 1944. Due to the rethinking of the role of light tanks were used primarily as reconnaissance and troop. They had a lot of parts from the M3 and M5 (fluid coupling and gearbox were fully borrowed), but the shape and armament of the tanks was drastically different from all its predecessors. The hull and turret were only welding process. The sheets of armor is at the lowest possible angles.

American light tanksAt the top front of the compartment and the stern were made of massive hatches to make life easier for repair parts. This time was used for five pairs of rollers and the individual suspension of torsion type. The main armament was the powerful 75 mm gun. She was with a co-axial 7.62 mm machine gun Browning. Another similar gun installed in the front of the tank. For the first time on the roof were mounted 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun Browning М2НВ. To the firing of the gun was more accurate, used the stabilizer hydraulic system type "Westinghouse".

Medium tanks

It was more reliable, better armoured tanks of the Second world war. American cars in this category made a name due to “Sherman”, which was loved and our soldiers. According to the veterans who fought on the Union technique, it was T-34 in the Deluxe version. However, everything in order.

M3 "Grant"

Was the first medium tank, massively come into service. Often, M3 “Grant” confused with M3 "Stuart". Of course, these American tanks (photo is in the article) belong to completely different classes. The main feature is the three-level (!) the location of weapons. In the sponson, onthe lower tier was installed with a 75 mm cannon with an angle of traverse of 32 degrees.

On the second tier – turret with a 37 mm gun and a machine gun course. The third level is represented by another turret with a machine gun, from which you can effectively suppress both ground and air targets. Thus, the development of the us tanks (like the Soviet at the time) was on the way to increase the number of towers, but it was quickly recognized as erroneous.

To rotate the turret with a 37 mm gun could be used not only for mechanical but also hydraulic drive. Vertical gun suggests using only a mechanical drive. Telescopic sights, observation devices made on prismatic schema. In the course of manufacture were used, casting, riveting and welding. Tower, the sponson and the entire front part was cast.

As a result, these American tanks of world 2 was very convincing: it is too weak armor, too much height, failure location of weapons, low features star-shaped aircraft engines (which are chronically short).

Despite the huge amount of weapons firepower under practical conditions was very low. The weight machine was virtually identical to the German “Tigers”, but in combat efficiency were at the level of a light tank.

However, the tank is still mass produced from 1939 to 1942, until it was begun to replace the M4 more successful tanks of the Second world war. American cars of this generation were much better.

M4 Sherman

American light tanksMost popular American medium tank, which was armed as the Americans, the British and the Red army. Last it massively went under lend-lease. Very different layout and weapon system from the previous machines. The layout and design of the powertrain and suspension has largely remained the same as in the conditions of war required to preserve a high rate of production. Perhaps, it was the best American tank.

The Chassis has been completely copied from the M3. However, except for the earliest types, the truck's suspension was heavily modified: for example, support rollers is now fastened in the back. Hull performed with the use of welding and/or casting. The front was welded and cast parts for welding, and gun caliber of 75 mm were installed in the tower, executed entirely by casting.

First, on these American tanks (photo above) put the engines "continental" air-cooling type, but they massively consume the aviation industry, but because the Americans always had to look for alternative types of engines. As a result, the number of serial modifications sharply increased. M4 "Sherman" and demanded a crew of five people. Among Russian tankers who fought on this “car”, the tank has earned good reviews.

Tankers, in particular, liked the high-quality interior and a supply of food (and good whiskey and cigarettes), which were Packed in the car as a gift. Many lives saved viscous armor, which (unlike T-34) didn't even chip back in its breach than protect the crew from injury away pieces of scale.

Heavy tanks

Strangely enough, but many military historians believe that the American heavy tanks didn't exist in principle. The same “Pershing”, which was considered a heavy tank with the mass greatly inferior to the German “Tiger”. However, we had roughly the same situation. The answer is simple – the Wehrmacht armored vehicles classified by caliber, and we Americans – according to its mass.

Tank M6

The Release was limited to small series in 1941 and 1942. The weapons were just two guns: 76.2 mm and 37 mm gun, coaxial between each other. In addition, equipped with three heavy machine guns. The chassis was used just four pairs of double rollers small.American tanks photo

There were three changes, the first of which the case was carried out by casting, then later moved exclusively to high-quality welding, distinguished not all tanks of the Second world war. American cars in this respect far superior to the domestic armored vehicles.

Used as power transmission hydro-mechanical and electrical type. The turret was made exclusively by casting. To balance the very awkward and unstable dual gun system, the rear of the tower had to extend. Was provided for the commander's cupola and mount for mounting anti-aircraft machine gun.

For negotiations was used fairly high-quality radio and intercommunication system created on its basis. In General, the design was clearly unsuccessful: the weapons for this type of tank was weak, the armor was thin, and height – too big. And because in all there were only 40 pieces of new equipment, and as a “heavy” machines used M26.

Tank M26 "Pershing"

American tanks of WWII

These American tanks of the Second world was adopted in 1944. Originally belonged to the class of heavy tanks (in all respects losing the German technology in this class), but due to not enough powerful weapons was soon“demoted” in the middle. Weighed at 41.5 tons. The case is welded, going from the finished castings and parts. The bottom trough. Front housing made by casting, has a rational slope surfaces. The tower has an elongated shape, is provided commander's cupola and mount for anti-aircraft "Browning".

As for suspension, it was used the classic torsion bar suspension and six rollers. It suspension is very respected tankers, as it proved to be extremely reliable. Engine – the eight-cylinder diesel "Ford", refers to the type GAF-V. Cooling liquid, transmission – hydromechanical. It provided the tank with a high rate of acceleration and smooth running.

The Main weapon is the 90 mm gun M3 from which armor-piercing projectile flew at a speed of 810 m/s was Further equipped with a pair of 7.62 mm machine guns, and one of them was the exchange rate, coupled with the gun. The tower set 12.7 mm anti-aircraft gun. Had quadrant-protractor, which allowed a fairly accurate firing from the closed position. M26 managed to take part in the final stage of the Second world war. In all there were about a thousand cars.

Current situation

American branch of tanksModern American tanks have little in common with its predecessors. In their development a considerable influence of German specialists. The current «Abrams» has a high profile, massive armor and a large amount zabronevogo space. Unlike tanks during the Second world war it has pretty rough shape and powerful weapons, which is based on a 120 mm rifled gun. The main difference from its predecessors is the classic suspension, and a gas turbine engine.

Thus, the modern American tanks only to a small extent similar to their predecessors.


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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/a-tamab-l/37765-tank-drugoy-susvetnay-vayny-amerykansk-ya-yak-razv-val-sya-tank-yak-ya.html

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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