Viscous coupling: principle of operation and device

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2020-01-07 20:00:13

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Now more popular in the automobile market got the crossovers. They have both full and monodrive. It is connected with a device such as viscous coupling. The principle of operation of the unit – further in our article.

Characteristics

So, what is this element? Viscous coupling is an automatic mechanism to transmit the torque by means of special liquids. It should be noted that the principle of the viscous coupling all-wheel drive and fan are the same. viscous coupling fanThus, the torque on both elements is transferred through the working fluid. Below we look at what it is.

What's inside?

Inside the clutch uses the fluid based on silicone. It has special properties. If not rotate and not heated, it remains in a liquid state. As soon as the energy of torque, it expands and becomes very dense. With increasing temperature it is similar to frozen glue. As soon as the temperature falls, the substance turns into a liquid. By the way, she's covered for the entire period of operation.

How it works?

What is the product called "viscous coupling" principle work? The sequence of actions it is similar to the hydraulic transformer automatic transmission. Here also the torque is transmitted by using fluids (but only through the transmission oil). There are two types of visco. Below we will consider them.

The First type impeller

It includes a closed metal housing. The principle of operation of the viscous coupling (fan-cooling included) is to act two turbine wheels. They are located opposite each other. One is on the main shaft, the second – on the slave. The housing is filled with liquid silicone-based. viscous coupling working principleWhen the shafts rotate with the same frequency, the mixing of the composition occurs. But as soon as there is slip, the temperature inside the enclosure increases. The liquid becomes thicker. Thus, leading the turbine wheel engages with the axle. Connected full drive. As soon as the car left the road, the rotational speed of the impeller is reversed. With the drop in temperature decreases the density of the liquid. The car shuts off four-wheel drive.

Second type: disc

It has also closed the case. However, unlike the first type, there is a group of flat disks on the master and the slave shaft. What is the viscous coupling working principle? The disks rotate in a silicone fluid. As soon as the temperature increases, it expands and pushes these elements. principle of the viscous coupling fanClutch begins to transmit torque to the second axle. This happens only in the case when the machine stalled and a different frequency of rotation of the wheel (while some are, the second stalled). Both types are used by the automatic electronic system. The device operates from the energy of rotation. Therefore, the viscous coupling fan wheel-drive has a long service life.

Where?

First, note the element used in the cooling system of the engine. The principle of operation of the viscous coupling of the fan based on the operation of the crankshaft. The clutch itself is mounted on the rod and has a belt drive. The higher the revolutions of the crankshaft, the more warmed up the fluid in the clutch. Thus, communication became harder, the fan began to spin, cooling the engine and radiator. principle of the viscous coupling cooling fanWith the rpm drop and decrease of temperature of the fluid coupler terminates. It should be noted that the viscous coupling fan is no longer used. Modern engines use electronic impeller with the coolant temperature sender. They are no longer associated with the crankshaft and working apart from him.

Four-wheel drive and viscous coupling

The Principle of it is the same as that of the fan. However, the item is placed in the engine compartment and under the vehicle. And, unlike the first type, viscous coupling all-wheel drive does not lose its popularity. principle of the viscous coupling AWDNow it is set on many crossovers and SUVs with switchable drive. Some use an Electromechanical counterparts. But they are much more expensive and less practical. Among worthy competitors, it should be noted is that a mechanical lock, which is on “Field” and “Lite”. But due to urbanization, the producers refusedthis lock which rigidly connects both the axis and increases the permeability of the car. The driver can choose when you want all-wheel drive. If you want to drive off road “the SUV» he will quickly get stuck and after the slip he is working the rear axle. But out of strong mud he's not gonna help.

Advantages

Let's look at the positive side of the viscous coupling:

  • Simplicity of design. Inside used only a few impellers or discs. And all this operates without electronics, by the physical expansion of the liquid.
  • Low cost. Due to the simple design of the viscous coupling does not affect the value of the car (when it comes to selecting “wheel drive”).
  • Reliability. The coupler has a robust housing that withstands pressure up to 20 kilograms per square centimeter. Is fixed for the entire lifetime and requires periodic replacement of the fluid.
  • Can operate in all road conditions. It does not slip on the mud or when driving in the snow. Outside temperature is irrelevant for heating the working fluid.

Disadvantages

It is Worth noting the lack of maintainability. The viscous coupling is established forever. principle of the viscous coupling cooling fanAnd if it is out of order (for example, through mechanical deformation), then it changes entirely. Motorists also complain about the inability to connect a full drive on their own. The coupling introduces a second axis into engagement only when the car is already “buried”. This makes the machine easy to overcome mud or snow obstacles. The next drawback – low ground clearance. For a node requires a large enclosure. And if you use a small viscous coupling, it will not transmit the desired torque load. And the latter – the fear of overheating. how does the viscous coupling AWDLong to slip into four-wheel drive impossible. Otherwise there is a risk to damage the viscous coupling. Therefore, this type of “dishonest” drive is not welcomed by lovers of off-road. When used for long periods, a node simply jammed.

Conclusion

So we learned how to work the viscous coupling all-wheel drive and fan. As you can see, the unit due to the special fluid can transmit torque at right time without any additional sensors and systems. This is a very useful invention.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/cars/20571-viscous-coupling-principle-of-operation-and-device.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/a-tamab-l/38213-viskomufta-pryncyp-pracy-prylada.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/autos/37808-z-hfl-ssige-kupplung-arbeitsweise-und-ger-t.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/coches/37604-viskomufta-principio-de-funcionamiento-y-el-dispositivo.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/cars/22243-viscous-coupling-principle-of-operation-and-device.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/cars/20216-viscous-coupling-principle-of-operation-and-device.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/avtomobil-der/38621-viskomufta-zh-mys-steu-princip-zh-ne-ryl-ysy.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/samochody/40180-sprz-g-o-wiskotyczne-zasada-dzia-ania-i-urz-dzenie.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/carros/39821-acoplamento-viscoso-o-princ-pio-de-funcionamento-de-um-dispositivo-de.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/arabalar/35073-viskoz-ba-lant-birimi-al-ma-prensibi-ve-cihaz.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/avtomob-l/39014-v-skomufta-princip-roboti-pristr-y.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/cars/31104-viscous-coupling-principle-of-operation-and-device.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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