VAZ-2101, generator: wiring, repair, replacement

In the car VAZ 2101 generator is one of the power sources. Second – rechargeable battery, but it is only involved in starting the engine, while the rest is recharged from the generator. Thanks to this symbiosis turns out to carry power to consumers even when the engine is stopped. You can make a comparison with motorcycles of the type called "Minsk", produced in the Soviet era.

They were missing the battery, which is slightly cheaper vehicle, but the lights only worked when you opened the motor. But it's a motorcycle. By car this is inconvenient, as the engine is started it is necessary to produce “curve” starter or tug. And this causes a quite strong difficulties.

Major components of the generator

Structurally, it consists of the following main elements:

1. Rotor – the movable part rotates from the crankshaft of the engine. Has the field windings.
2. Stator – stationary part of the generator, also has a winding.
3. Front and back cover, inside which is installed the bearings. They are eyelets for fastening to the internal combustion engine. In the back is the capacitor needed to trim the variable component of the current.
4. Semiconductor bridge – called “horseshoe” for the resemblance. Three pairs of semiconductor power diodes are mounted on a horseshoe base.
5. A Pulley that is worn on the belt of the generator VAZ-2101. Strap wedge (on modern cars use multi -).
6. The voltage Regulator in the car VAZ-2101 is installed in the engine compartment, away from the generator. But still it must be regarded as part of the design.
7. Brushes are mounted inside the generator and deliver the voltage to the excitation winding (on the rotor).

Winding of the generator

Only two of them – the rotor (excitation) and stator (power). The principle of operation of the installation is that the output current in the power winding is possible only when the following two conditions:

1. There is a constant magnetic field.
2. This field is rotated relative to the power winding.

Only when their compliance is going to work the generator. Applied voltage to the rotor winding, the resulting magnetic field. As the rotor rotates from the crankshaft, then the second condition. But you still have to pay attention to what wiring diagram of the generator VAZ-2101. It is connected to the battery in parallel in order to perform charging.

The Principle of operation of the generator

At the initial moment (when the engine is running) the voltage is equal to that available in the battery (about 12V). And at idle it will be around this level to be maintained. But if you increase the rotor speed happens the surge voltage up to 30 V. the Reason: the excitation winding is supplied higher voltage due to the increase in frequency of rotation of the rotor (speed of the magnetic field increases). And it is fraught with damage to the electrical wiring of the vehicle and the failure of consumers.

Voltage Regulator brush

Requires that the generator output voltage remained constant, and for this uses a simple principle. If you make the voltage of the rotor was constant, then we can avoid changing the magnitude of the magnetic field. The VAZ-2101 generator needs to operate under load 13-14 Century. Even two same design of relay-regulator can keep the different voltage value.

Types of governors

1. Mechanical – the basis is a Electromechanical relay and a resistance to reduce the voltage.
2. Solid state – the basis is a small circuit of transistors of low power or one power key.
3. Mixed – the design has both transistor circuit and the solenoid.

Brush – this is the element which implements the connection diagram of the generator VAZ-2101. Thanks to them, the voltage on contact ring of moving rotor.

How to remove the generator

For the dismantling you will need the following tools:

1. Spanners 10, 13 and 17.
2. Mounting blade.
3. Penetrating grease type WD-40.

Initially, disconnect the battery and disconnect the wires from the generator. Preferably all work is carried out at slightly elevated the front of the car or on the pit overpass.Before you remove the alternator you have to loosen the drive belt. To do this, fully Unscrew the key on the 17 nut from the upper stud mount of the housing to the engine block. No problems should arise.

The body of the generator need to move up to unit, then remove the belt. Problematic would be to loosen the bottom bolt. It is close to the ground, it often gets dust, dirt, water. Therefore, pre treat threaded connection penetrating lubricant.

The generator

Installation is in the reverse order. If you need a replacement alternator for a more powerful, it is possible to set the equivalent models of cars VAZ-2107 or 2109. They have more power and capable of providing stable charging of the battery. Unlike “native” VAZ-2101 is that the voltage regulator combined with a brush Assembly.

Most Importantly, in order to avoid distortions, otherwise the belt will be torn, to wear out quickly, load on the rotor will increase several times. For normal operation it is necessary that this element had a certain tension. It is adjustable by changing the position of the hull relative to the engine. Fixation is made with the nut at the top of the generator.

Troubleshooting

The Following mechanical and electrical breakdown can occur in the generator:

1. The bearing Wear is diagnosed by the characteristic whistle or rattle from the device. The lubricant in the bearings eventually disappears, causing increasing friction.
2. Brush generator VAZ-2101 need to be replaced to ensure proper performance car. If they wear out, then the dashboard lights up the warning light with picture of battery.
3. Insufficient or excessive battery charge – this is a clear sign of failure of the voltage regulator. The check can be performed by a conventional multimeter. Start the engine, include a passing light. Idle should be at around 800 rpm. It is necessary that the voltage across the terminals was ~13,2 V.
4. The Blinking light, pulsation – a sign of the failure of one or two semiconductor diodes in the rectifier Assembly. The VAZ-2101 generator built on the classical scheme – generates the three phases, then the rectifier converts to direct current.
5. If the alternator is not charging and the rectifier and voltage regulator are OK, you can talk about the destruction of one of the windings. In this case, by either replacing the generator or install a new rotor or stator (depending on which of the windings is destroyed). Diagnosis is performed with a tester.

Insights

Despite its apparent simplicity, in the car VAZ-2101 generator is able to deliver a lot of trouble to the owner. And if you during the trip noticed a lit up lamp on the instrument panel, it is necessary as soon as possible to take action to eliminate failures. So just oxidized wire, no contact, but it is necessary to identify at an early stage, otherwise if the battery is dead will not turn to leave.