What is processor: description, characteristics and application

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2018-03-23 03:22:11

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Computer Users often confuse between these two concepts as the system unit and the processor, calling first – the second. It is fundamentally wrong. The processor – is a device used to control computer operation by a predetermined sequence of commands, called a program, and to perform operations for processing information.

In addition, there are other devices with a similar name. For example, a word processor designed for creating documents and formatting. To this type of programs is Microsoft Word.

what is CPU

What is it?

And the device that is the brain of the computer, also called the microprocessor. What is the processor in the computer? It's such a integrated circuit that controls the operation of the personal computer. Created this scheme on one or more crystals, made of semiconductor with a very sophisticated technology, related to the field of microelectronics.

All what can make a computer with the information defined by the instruction set of the processor. They are included in the manual control of the computer. A particular team – this is one operation performed by the computing machine. For example, performing arithmetic operations, logical operations, determining the sequence of commands to be executed, the transmission of information from one memory device into the memory of another.

This Is a brief answer to the question, what is the CPU.

Device the processor is a device designed to

As the processor – is a device designed for data processing, it consists of the following elements:

  • Arithmetic logic unit;
  • Device control;
  • Memory registers.

The control Device, as its name implies, for a given program, manages all the nodes of the computer. It removes every subsequent command from the register, learns from it what operation to perform, and in what sequence. This kind of conductor, managing the whole orchestra. A musical composition is just the program.

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Parts

word processor designed for

An Arithmetic logic unit – is a tool for calculations, which, following the programs, performs the operations associated with arithmetic and logic.

Registers are the internal memory of the CPU. One register can be compared with the draft, by which the device performs calculations and stores the results. Each of the registers has their own purpose.

Suppose the CPU needs to add two some of the numbers. To perform this operation in the first place he should take from the memory the first item, then second, sum the two values, and the sum forward again to the memory of the computer.

It is Clear that both terms and the result processor must be stored somewhere. For this purpose the cell, a part directly into the processor, called the accumulator or adder. Since the processor is designed for data and processing, it needs to understand what memory locations need to take the following command. He learns from another internal cell, which is called counter. The team that is extracted from memory, is placed in another cell – the instruction register. From him the result of the executed commands can be transferred to RAM.

processor designed for data

Types of registers

Registers come in several types. They differ from other kinds of operations that perform. The most important registers have their own names:

  • The program Counter-register containing the address of the next instruction to be executed. It is used for automatic program selection from a set of related memory locations.
  • Combiner – is involved in all operations.
  • The command Register. It contains team for that period of time that is needed for execution.

Data Bus

The computer's Processor is designed to work with the information. All devices constantly exchange it between themselves. And they do this using a element called the internal data bus. In modern CPUs there are other parts, but the required minimum is the above-described set of devices.

Machine cycle and its schema

This process generally consists of the following steps:

  • Select the command from the cell whose address is stored in register-counter. Its content is incremented by the length value for this command.
  • Next, it is sent to the control device, getting it in the instruction register.
  • Address field owned by the team, stands for device management.
  • The Latter gives a signal, and data is read from the RAM once already in an arithmetic logic unit.
  • Device control code stands for the operation performed in the arithmetic logic unit signal on the implementation of this data, which in this case are referred to as operands.
  • The Result of the operation can be stored in the Central processor, or transmitted into memory, in the case wherea the address where should be the result.
  • All of the above steps are performed until, until given a stop signal.

a computer processor is designed

Features

So, what is the CPU, is clear: to run the commands from a given program. To do this, it has the following characteristics:

  1. Clock frequency. The CPU is closely linked to the frequency generator of clock cycles, which produced the pulses. They sinhroniziruete between all elements of the computer. This characteristic is equal to the number of ticks per second. Single stroke – is the length of time between the first pulse and the second. Clock speed is measured in megahertz.
  2. Bit width. This maximum value is responsible for the number of bits of the binary code is formed and transmitted by the processor at the same time. This characteristic is determined by the bit width of its registers.
  3. Address space. It relates to the range of addresses accessed by the processor, using the address code.

Due to the above we can clearly define what is a CPU. Is the brain of the computer, without which he absolutely good for nothing. Is it only for interior decoration.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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