A bitwise operation. Programming in C and C++

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2018-03-20 11:09:25

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Bitwise operation is the operation used for performing operations on bit patterns or binary numbers, which include working with individual bits. This is a quick, simple action directly supported by the processor used to manipulate values for comparisons and calculations.

Calculations

A Binary digital system uses only two digits-0 and 1. Computers work in binary, meaning they store data and perform calculations using only zeros and ones.bitwise

Although one binary digit can be used to represent True (1) (true) or False (0) (false) logic to store large numbers and perform complex functions, you can use multiple binary digits. In fact, any number can be represented in binary format.

Usage

The Bitwise operators are used in the following areas:

  • Communication stacks where the individual bits in the header attached to the data that carry important information.

  • The Built-in software to control various functions in the chip and indicate the status of hardware by controlling the individual bits of hardware registers of embedded microcontrollers.

  • Low-level programming for applications such as device drivers, cryptographic software, software for video decoding, memory managers, software compression and graphics.

  • Convenient management of large sets of integers in the problems of search and optimization.

  • Bitwise operations performed on bit flags, which can enable an instance of enumeration type to store any combination of values defined in the enumerator-list.

programming in c

Bitwise operations — how it works?

In contrast to the usual Boolean operators (e.g. +, -, *), which work with bytes or groups of bytes, bitwise operators you can check or set each of the individual bits in a byte. Bitwise operations never cause overflows in the memory cells, because the result obtained after the operation is within the range of possible values for a numeric type.

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The Bitwise operators used in the C family of languages (C #, C and C ++):

  • OR (|) — the result is true if either operand is true.

  • AND (&) — a result of true only if both operands are true. It can be used to configure the validation mask of the values of certain bits.

  • The XOR (^) — the result is true only if one of its operands is true. It is primarily used to toggle certain bits. It also helps to replace two variables without using a third.

  • NOT (~) — the bitwise complement or inversion. Provides the bitwise complement of the operand by inverting its value, so that all zeros are converted into units, and all ones become zeroes.

  • >> (Right Shift) and << (Left Shift) — the operator which moves bits to the number of positions specified by the second operand to the right or left direction. The shift operators are used to align the bits.

bitwise operations in C

Sample work

Bitwise operators — these are the symbols that represent actions that must be performed on the individual bits. A bitwise operation works on two-bit patterns of equal length, positioning their individual bits:

Logical AND operation (&) of each bit pair leads to 1 (true) if the first and second bits are equal to 1. Otherwise the result is zero. Among other applications AND can be used to check individual bits in the bit string, to see whether they are true or false value.

Let us Consider an example:

IsOdd = (ValueToTest & 1)! = 0.

Logical OR (|) bit of each pair leads to 1 if the first or second bit is 1. Otherwise the result is zero. Logical operation XOR (~) of each bit pair leads to 1 if the two bits are different and 0 if they are equal.

The Logical NOT operator is represented as ^. Left shift (<<), right shift (>>) and right shift zero fill (>>>>) are sometimes referred to as bitwise operators are called shift operators bits.bitwise operations in java

Prioritize

Order of priority (highest to lowest) in bitwise operators while programming in C

  • NOT;

  • Right-Shift and Left-Shift);

  • AND;

  • XOR

  • OR.

These operands are used in most programming languages. For example, when writing code in Javascript, bitwise operation will be the same as the above. This is caused by the underlying mathematical foundations that underpin the code. In particular, bitwise operations in Java, in turn, is completely identical to Javascript.

Bits and programming in C and other languages

Bit is the smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer data. It contains a single binary value-0 or 1.
Although a single bit can determine the logical value True (1) or False (0), as a separate unit it is rarely used. Therefore, in the computer storage bits are often grouped into 8-bit clusters calledbytes. Since a byte contains eight bits, each of which has two possible values, in bitwise operations in C (a programming language) one byte can have 28 or 256 different values.bitwise javascript
The Terms “bits” and “bytes" is often confused and even used interchangeably, since both sound the same and decrease with the letter “B”. However, the correct spelling of bits are reduced in lower case “b”, and the bytes are reduced in upper case — “B”. It is important not to confuse these two terms, since any measurement in bytes contains eight times more bits. For example, a small text file with a size of 4 KB contains 4,000 bytes, or 32,000 bits.

Usually, files, storage devices and storage capacity are measured in bytes, but data transfer speeds are measured in bits. For example, memory card, SSD may have a capacity of 240 GB, whereas the load can be transported at a speed of 10 Mbps. in addition, bits can also be used to describe the architecture of the processor, such as 32-bit or 64-bit processor.

Bitwise operations in Pascal

A Bitwise level operations in Pascal includes working with individual bits, which are the smallest unit of computer data. Although computers are able to manipulate bits, they generally store data and execute instructions in bit multiples of the values called bytes. Most programming languages, including bitwise operations in Delphi, control groups of 8, 16, or 32 bits.

Process Description

A Bitwise operator is a symbol that represents an action that works with data at the bit level, not byte or larger data unit, as is more common.bitwise operations in Pascal

The Most common operators work with one or more bytes, most systems contain eight bits. Because they provide more accuracy and require less resources, the bitwise operators can make your code faster and more efficient. Examples of the use of bitwise operations include:

  • Encryption.

  • Compression;

  • Schedule;

  • Connectivity on ports/sockets;

  • Embedded systems programming;

  • A machine with a finite state.

Bitwise operator works on the binary representation of the number, not its value. The operand is treated as bit set, and not as a single number. The bitwise operators are similar in most languages that support them — C, Java, JavaScript, Python and Visual Basic.

Why is it important to use?

Bitwise operations are absolutely necessary when programming hardware registers in embedded systems. Each processor has one or more registers (usually, a certain memory address) that control whether an interrupt or disabled. To allow the interrupt to run a process, you must set the enable bit for this interrupt, and most importantly, not be changed by any of the other bits in the register.delphi bitwiseWhen an interrupt is triggered, it usually sets a bit in the status register so that one service procedure can determine the exact cause of the interrupt. Testing individual bits allows you to quickly decode a source of interrupts.
In many embedded systems, the total available RAM can be 64, 128 or 256 bytes. In this environment typically uses a single byte to store multiple data items and Boolean flags, and then uses bitwise operations to set and read them.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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