Embryology is the History of embryology

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2018-03-23 12:15:22

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Science biology includes a lot of different sections, smaller, but very important, specialized on some specific issues of the disciplines. This makes it so vast and globally significant for mankind that overestimate its impact is simply impossible.

embryology is

One of such important science has become embryology. This is a fairly old discipline, the concept and history of formation, we consider in this article.

The Concept of the science of embryology

Embryology is not simply a biological discipline. It is a science that deals with the study of education, development and formation of the embryos of living beings with the appearance of germ cells and their confluence to the birth of a new organism.

All these processes are very important, vital for their proper and normal course. Therefore, the goal of this science is to study all the issues and mechanisms associated with the bubbles, their life, education, and development.

Based on the goals, objectives embryology are the following points.

  1. To Consider the processes of cell division.
  2. To Reveal the regularities of formation of the primary germ lobes and cavities of the body.
  3. Trace options for the formation of the axes of symmetry of the body of the future body.
  4. Features cavities of the extant and derived from them.
  5. The Formation of membranes around the embryo.
  6. Education of a whole system of organs, which in the end identificireba one or the other body.

    comparative embryology

Thus, it becomes clear, what is embryology. It is narrowly specialized science of intrauterine development of embryos from the moment of their formation to release into the world. And also the study of questions connected with the processes of gametogenesis, i.e. formation of gametes.

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Etymology

The meaning of the word "embryology" is simple enough. After all, the Latin word "fetus" is pronounced like embryon, and the second part of the word, the logos - doctrine. It turns out that in the name of science reflects the deep sense of the briefly expressed in the subject.

In all modern dictionaries the meaning of the word "embryology" are similar. It is almost the same as in Latin. Add something new challenging. What do you mean embryology? In all sources the answer is one - the science of prajarajyam and embryonic development of animals, humans and plants.

History of science

The origins of the history of embryology has since ancient times. One of the first studies in this area spoke Aristotle. His observation was to study the formation of the embryo chicken eggs. It was the beginning of the development of considered science.

Later, by the XVI-XVII centuries scholars who were representatives of the discipline were divided into two camps on the theoretical views on the issues of formation of embryos and the origin of new organisms.

There were

  • Theory of preformism;
  • Epigenesis.

The Essence of the first is this: all the structure of the future organism do not evolve with time, and already exist in much reduced form in either the egg (evista) or sperm (animalculist). And, over the life and development of the embryo, they just increase in size due to get the nutrient.

Such views were, of course, erroneous. However, they lasted almost until the mid-nineteenth century. Adherents of these views among scientists of different time periods were:

  • Marcelo Malpighi.
  • I. Svammerdam.
  • Sh. Bonn.
  • A. Haller.
  • A. Leeuwenhoek.
  • I. N. Libarkin and others.

The Second theory in the history of embryology, which were also a significant number of bright minds across time, is called epigenesis. Its supporters believed that the body begins its development only after exposure of germ cells to each other. Thus formed in the embryo, nothing finished. The structure of future organs are formed gradually, from internal tissue.

Representatives who held these views were as follows:

  • William Garvey.
  • Leibnitz.
  • Friedrich Wolff.
  • Karl Behr and others.

The confrontation between these two camps have been accumulating many data of embryology, because scientists are constantly carried out research, experiments, gathered theoretical material.

Since the mid-nineteenth century, the views of preformists was dealt a crushing blow thanks to the following discoveries.

  1. The Law of similarity of embryos of Charles Baer. In it he says that the earlier stage is the embryo, the more it is similar to similar structures in other representatives of wildlife.
  2. Wolff has described The foundations of morphogenesis in chicken embryo, proving their progressive education.
  3. The Work of Charles Darwin, in which he describes their views On the origin of species.

    embryology of animals

The Result was the gradual formation of science as we see it today. A great contribution to the development of the discipline made the following scientists of the XIX-XX century:

  • Kovalevsky.
  • Swordsmen.
  • Haeckel.
  • Wilhelm Roux and others.

Classification

The Main sections of the reporting of science can be described in the following paragraphs.

  1. Comparativeembryology.
  2. Experimental.
  3. General.
  4. Environmental.

    data embryology

The type of the studied organisms embryology is also divided into:

  • Plant;
  • Animal;
  • None.

Each Department has its own goals, objectives and objects of research that are of great theoretical and practical importance in understanding the mechanisms of life. Embryology animals - a very important branch of science in agriculture, animal husbandry.

Structure of General embryology

General embryology deals with the study and comparative analysis of embryos of all organisms at different evolutionary stages of development of the planet. The result is a lot of factual material to prove the common origin of all life on our planet.

In the research area of the discipline includes the study of the processes of gametogenesis. The data of embryology are crucial in the health of future generations, therefore this science is given special attention.

Characteristics comparative embryology

The Main method of data mapping in this discipline - analysis. Comparative embryology deals with the study of embryos of animals, plants or humans to determine the similarity or development sources.

Its Founder was Karl Baer, who discovered the ovum of man and the originator of the first law about embryos. A great contribution to the development of knowledge discipline was introduced by Haeckel. His biogenetic law has been universal for a long time. Comparative embryology amassed evidence to support this feature.

 meaning of the word embryology

Simply put, the essence was the following: each embryo in the course of its development goes through many stages. Together, they are a repetition of the General current of evolution which took place all organisms during the formation of living beings on the planet.

Here is a similarity in the structure of the embryos of all classes of animals: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. However, according to recent data, the law of Haeckel is not universal. He does not explain why so much difference between insect larvae and adults, especially when we are talking about a partial transformation.

what do you mean embryology

Another item which is carefully studied by embryologists, are mutations. Thus, it was proven that the sooner chromosomal problems occur, the more impact they will be in outer appearance after the formation of the body. That is, the later stages will be subjected to mutations, the less it will be noticeable phenotype in adults.

Embryology of animals

This section is important in the development of agriculture. The object of study is the stage of formation of animal embryos. They sledujushie:

  • Implantacija;
  • Gastrulation;
  • Morula;
  • Blastula;
  • Narula;
  • Invaginate.

That is animal embryology is the same as all the rest of her sections, only more specialised in the study area. It also examines the mutations in the process of embryogenesis, the laws and mechanisms of their formation, looking at ways of preventing and solving various problems. For example, animal disease organisms.

It is of great importance for poultry breeding, cattle breeding, fish farming, solutions veterinary issues and concerns insemination of animals.

The value of the achievements in the field of embryology

The global achievement of modernity, which could give the human embryology, is the prediction of infertility and a detailed monitoring of all stages of the formation of human embryos. Because it allows you to either avoid the birth doomed to genetic disease of children, or correct medical intervention succeeding mutational changes.

history of embryology

Today, every pregnant woman is under the careful supervision of doctors, who, with the help of special equipment can monitor and predict any situation in the development of the embryo.

Prospects of development of this science

The Main merit of this science is certainly ahead. Indeed, the development of technical means is not in place, and modern technologies allow to intervene for almost all known life processes.

In the future, the opening of such processes at the stage of embryonic development that will help to avoid diseases of the fetus eliminate the phenomenon of infertility and will save people from a lot of urgent problems.


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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/16324-embryologie-ist-die-geschichte-der-embryologie.html

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ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/9925-embryology-is-the-history-of-embryology.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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