Science biology includes a lot of different sections, smaller, but very important, specialized on some specific issues of the disciplines. This makes it so vast and globally significant for mankind that overestimate its impact is simply impossible.
One of such important science has become embryology. This is a fairly old discipline, the concept and history of formation, we consider in this article.
Embryology is not simply a biological discipline. It is a science that deals with the study of education, development and formation of the embryos of living beings with the appearance of germ cells and their confluence to the birth of a new organism.
All these processes are very important, vital for their proper and normal course. Therefore, the goal of this science is to study all the issues and mechanisms associated with the bubbles, their life, education, and development.
Based on the goals, objectives embryology are the following points.
Thus, it becomes clear, what is embryology. It is narrowly specialized science of intrauterine development of embryos from the moment of their formation to release into the world. And also the study of questions connected with the processes of gametogenesis, i.e. formation of gametes.
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The meaning of the word "embryology" is simple enough. After all, the Latin word "fetus" is pronounced like embryon, and the second part of the word, the logos - doctrine. It turns out that in the name of science reflects the deep sense of the briefly expressed in the subject.
In all modern dictionaries the meaning of the word "embryology" are similar. It is almost the same as in Latin. Add something new challenging. What do you mean embryology? In all sources the answer is one - the science of prajarajyam and embryonic development of animals, humans and plants.
The origins of the history of embryology has since ancient times. One of the first studies in this area spoke Aristotle. His observation was to study the formation of the embryo chicken eggs. It was the beginning of the development of considered science.
Later, by the XVI-XVII centuries scholars who were representatives of the discipline were divided into two camps on the theoretical views on the issues of formation of embryos and the origin of new organisms.
There were
The Essence of the first is this: all the structure of the future organism do not evolve with time, and already exist in much reduced form in either the egg (evista) or sperm (animalculist). And, over the life and development of the embryo, they just increase in size due to get the nutrient.
Such views were, of course, erroneous. However, they lasted almost until the mid-nineteenth century. Adherents of these views among scientists of different time periods were:
The Second theory in the history of embryology, which were also a significant number of bright minds across time, is called epigenesis. Its supporters believed that the body begins its development only after exposure of germ cells to each other. Thus formed in the embryo, nothing finished. The structure of future organs are formed gradually, from internal tissue.
Representatives who held these views were as follows:
The confrontation between these two camps have been accumulating many data of embryology, because scientists are constantly carried out research, experiments, gathered theoretical material.
Since the mid-nineteenth century, the views of preformists was dealt a crushing blow thanks to the following discoveries.
The Result was the gradual formation of science as we see it today. A great contribution to the development of the discipline made the following scientists of the XIX-XX century:
The Main sections of the reporting of science can be described in the following paragraphs.
The type of the studied organisms embryology is also divided into:
Each Department has its own goals, objectives and objects of research that are of great theoretical and practical importance in understanding the mechanisms of life. Embryology animals - a very important branch of science in agriculture, animal husbandry.
General embryology deals with the study and comparative analysis of embryos of all organisms at different evolutionary stages of development of the planet. The result is a lot of factual material to prove the common origin of all life on our planet.
In the research area of the discipline includes the study of the processes of gametogenesis. The data of embryology are crucial in the health of future generations, therefore this science is given special attention.
The Main method of data mapping in this discipline - analysis. Comparative embryology deals with the study of embryos of animals, plants or humans to determine the similarity or development sources.
Its Founder was Karl Baer, who discovered the ovum of man and the originator of the first law about embryos. A great contribution to the development of knowledge discipline was introduced by Haeckel. His biogenetic law has been universal for a long time. Comparative embryology amassed evidence to support this feature.
Simply put, the essence was the following: each embryo in the course of its development goes through many stages. Together, they are a repetition of the General current of evolution which took place all organisms during the formation of living beings on the planet.
Here is a similarity in the structure of the embryos of all classes of animals: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. However, according to recent data, the law of Haeckel is not universal. He does not explain why so much difference between insect larvae and adults, especially when we are talking about a partial transformation.
Another item which is carefully studied by embryologists, are mutations. Thus, it was proven that the sooner chromosomal problems occur, the more impact they will be in outer appearance after the formation of the body. That is, the later stages will be subjected to mutations, the less it will be noticeable phenotype in adults.
This section is important in the development of agriculture. The object of study is the stage of formation of animal embryos. They sledujushie:
That is animal embryology is the same as all the rest of her sections, only more specialised in the study area. It also examines the mutations in the process of embryogenesis, the laws and mechanisms of their formation, looking at ways of preventing and solving various problems. For example, animal disease organisms.
It is of great importance for poultry breeding, cattle breeding, fish farming, solutions veterinary issues and concerns insemination of animals.
The global achievement of modernity, which could give the human embryology, is the prediction of infertility and a detailed monitoring of all stages of the formation of human embryos. Because it allows you to either avoid the birth doomed to genetic disease of children, or correct medical intervention succeeding mutational changes.
Today, every pregnant woman is under the careful supervision of doctors, who, with the help of special equipment can monitor and predict any situation in the development of the embryo.
The Main merit of this science is certainly ahead. Indeed, the development of technical means is not in place, and modern technologies allow to intervene for almost all known life processes.
In the future, the opening of such processes at the stage of embryonic development that will help to avoid diseases of the fetus eliminate the phenomenon of infertility and will save people from a lot of urgent problems.
Article in other languages:
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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/16320-embriologiya---geta-g-storyya-embryyalog.html
DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/16324-embryologie-ist-die-geschichte-der-embryologie.html
ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/16333-la-embriologa-es-la-historia-de-la-embriolog-a.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/9121-embryology-is-the-history-of-embryology.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/9121-embryology-is-the-history-of-embryology.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/16318-embriologiya---b-l-tarihy-embriologiya.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/16294-embriologia---to-historia-embriologii.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/16295-embriologia---a-hist-ria-da-embriologia.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/16324-embriologiya---bu-hikaye-embriyoloji.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/16313-embr-olog-ya---ce-stor-ya-embr-olog.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/9925-embryology-is-the-history-of-embryology.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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