Pidgin – it is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a common language. In fact, it is an artificial language that is a mixture of two or more languages for mutual understanding between ethnic groups.
Traditionally simplified languages arose in the interaction of European culture with the peoples they colonized (indigenous peoples of North and South America and the surrounding Islands, e.g. Jamaica). The second way of occurrence, due to the need to conduct joint trade-is the business contacts of different ethnic groups. Typically, these pidgin languages are distinguished by simplicity and are the only means of inter-ethnic interaction and communication. Vocabulary the volume of such adverbs usually not more than a thousand words, but it is enough for most simple communication to the available themes.
If a primitive simplified pidgin becomes the mother tongue of children of any ethnic groups (as happened, for example, with the descendants of slaves on the South American plantations), it can escalate to the status of the Creole language (e.g., dialects of the island the Creole Bislama and Tok Pisin).
The Origin of this concept is not completely clear. It has been suggested that the word comes from the Chinese pronunciation of the English word Business (“business”), but there is also the theory that the term originates from the expression Pigeon English (“pigeon English"), referring to the pigeons, which traditionally symbolized the transfer of information and e-mail. The Chinese word for Pidgin had its origin from the name of the river Jīng (gene), located along the border of the lands leased by the French and the British in Shanghai.
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The Concept of "pidgin English" originated in the late nineteenth century. This is the name given to the mixed dialect, which was used by English-speaking businessmen for trade activities in Guangzhou with the Chinese. It was a mixture of Chinese, English and Portuguese. During the XVIII and XIX centuries in China, the pidgin English was a language of lingua Franca and was named “English Guangzhou”.
“Pigeon” – is an older term than "lingua Franca” or “Sabir" (the dialect of sailors and merchants of the Mediterranean). Sabir appeared in the fourteenth century and continued to be used until the end of the nineteenth century. Many others pidgins arose in the course of trading activities of the Europeans with other ethnic groups.
Another source of origin pigdin-languages was the importation and colonization of American and Caribbean slaves of African descent. In the result of a combination of different dialects, which was spoken by the prisoners, formed a variety of pidgins. Slaves, captured, slave owners had to interact with each other. Thus, dialects of different ethnic groups, often unknown or hostile to each other, are also mixed with the languages of the landlords of the colonies and natives (Indians) that has spawned many mixtures, most of which are stabilized in various Creole dialects.
The Combination of Portuguese, Spanish and languages-Guarani led to the emergence of such pidgins as lingua Geral or naan Gata, spoken in the Amazon basin (South America), as well as in all areas of Paraguay (called it “Chopra”). Brazilian pidgin umbanda used for rituals, exists to the present day. On the territory of the Caribbean is also home to a large number of Creoles who communicate in their local dialects.
Pidgin is most often used in such cases when it is necessary to achieve mutual understanding with persons who are native speakers of different languages.
For Example, trade and business with foreigners, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). It is essential to understand that pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by agreement between individuals or groups of people. This is not the first language of any linguistic community, native speakers use it as a second language.
Pidgin can be formed from words, sounds or body language of several diverse cultures. These primitive dialects allow people who have no common language to communicate to communicate with each other. A pidgin usually has low prestige compared with other languages because of limited use.
Each simplified language has its own norms of usage which must be learned by speakers of this means of communication. For example, pidgin English has a fairly rigid rules for use.
Sometimes the definition of “pigeon” and “Creole languages" to confuse, as it is quite similar linguistic terms.
Pidgin differs from a Creole language which is the mother tongue of its speakers. The Creole languages have a fully developed vocabulary and grammar. Most linguists believe that Creole dialects developed in the process of birth of the pigeon, when the children of pidgin-speakers have studied it and began to use it as a native language for everyday communication among themselves.
Russenorsk is OPSEC artificial language on the basis of the Slavonic. This pidgin in linguistics is a classic example of a trade language. It is of interest for study by linguists. Russenorsk is extinct simplified language that was previously used in the Arctic. It combines elements of Russian and Norwegian languages, was created by traders and fishermen from Northern Norway and the Russian Kola Peninsula. It was widely used in Northern Norway for about 150 years in the Pomor trade.
Russenorsk is an important model for the study of the theory of pidgins, as it was only used in oral speech, unlike most other simplified languages that left a mark on written media. Russian-Norwegian dialect was a traditional development of the primitive dialect for trade and interaction between peoples who have no common language. This is due to the necessity of creating some minimal connection for communication. Like all pidgins, russenorsk had the rudiments of grammar and limited vocabulary, mainly consisting of words needed in the Arctic fishing and trade (for example, it is characterized by the term “fish”, “weather”, “fisherman”, “payment”, “weight”). But there were other words, not really related to each other and trading activities (“music”, “policy”, “story”).
Also, one of the examples of simplified languages is Russian-Chinese pidgin. It was quite primitive and was used for communication between the traders on the Sino-Russian border (on the territory of the Amur region) in the NINETEENTH century. Called this dialect malacinski language, and even specially studied the Russian merchants. For the Chinese seasonal workers he was required to study. The pidgin existed until the mid 30-ies of XX century, when Stalin's orders, the majority of Chinese migrants were deported back to their homeland. Malacinski language in its heyday was owned by about a million people, mainly Chinese.
Another example of language-pidgin on the basis of the Russian – the so-called Taimyr dialect.
He emerged through the interaction of the Russian population and the indigenous tamaraw (Taimyr different ethnic groups). In Russia it was extended to the territory of Taimyr Peninsula in the late XIX - early XX centuries. However, with the advent of Soviet power and the introduction of widespread secondary education "Taimyr Hovorka" gradually disappeared.
Russia has ethnic group Of the peoples of Bashkortostan and Primorye also created their various pidgins in contact with Russian-speaking population.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/13792-pidgins.html
BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/24659-p-dzhyn---geta-sproshchany-movu-pryklady-pidzhinov.html
ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/24703-pidgin-es-un-lenguaje-ejemplos-de-pidzhinov.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/13813-pidgins.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/13816-libdrm-pidgins.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/24650-pidzhin---b-l-o-aylatyl-an-t-l-mysaldar-pidzhinov.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/24574-pidgin---to-uproszczony-j-zyk-przyk-ady-pidzhinov.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/24589-pidgin---simplificado-idioma-exemplos-de-pidzhinov.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/24653-pidgin---bu-ok-basit-bir-dil-rnekleri-pidzhinov.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/24626-p-dzhin---ce-sproschena-mova-prikladi-pidzhinov.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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