Yakov Petrovich Baklanov Cossack ataman: biography

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2018-03-25 00:59:23

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In the history of Russia, participants of the Crimean war, as this very campaign, occupy a special place. This page written with the blood of tens of thousands of soldiers and is very important for all Russians. One of the heroes of the war with the Turks in the Crimea was General Baklanov. Hereditary Cossack, a fearless warrior, terror of the enemies and wise diplomat, he left an important mark in the history of his native country, all his life protecting its interests, not only in Crimea but also in other regions. Biography Baklanov must be studied carefully. Especially someone who considers himself a patriot of Russia.

The Furious Buckle, Donskoy, Suvorov, Storm Chechnya - these nicknames are deserved hero of the Caucasian war Cormorants. “If you were afraid of Allah just as Baklanova, it would already have become saintly persons”, said to his men, the commander of the highland army of Imam Shamil.

Childhood and youth of the hero

The Kuban gave the world many heroes. On its fertile lands in the village Guninski, and was born on the fifteenth of March, 1809 Yakov Petrovich Baklanov. His father Peter Dmitrievich was cornet of Troops of the don, and mother Ustinja (nee Kilroy) – classic Cossack. Cormorants-the senior was distinguished for a powerful physique and fearless disposition. During his service in the army he gained a reputation as a formidable warrior who was respected comrades and was terrified enemies.

In the intervals between military campaigns of Peter D. was engaged in education of my son, trying to raise him a real Cossack. In the three years the boy rode a horse in his yard, and five – pranced down the street. When Jacob turned eight, my father took heir with him to Bessarabia, where he headed his regiment. Thus began the camp life of the hero of the future Russian Empire.

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And read or write at least the boy managed to learn only partially, the Cossack army was not the worst teacher. Cormorants-younger husband in the eyes, quickly mastered martial arts and was soon in his native village was not a better warrior than he.

At the age of fifteen he began his service as a Sergeant in seventeen married (to the daughter of a priest from his native village). At nineteen he received the rank of cornet in the regiment commanded by his father, went to his first war.

Jacob Baklanov was involved in the transition through the Balkans and crossing the river Kamchik, along with his comrades took Burgas and other strategically important objects of the Russian-Turkish campaign. From the outset proved himself a bold and brave warrior. His recklessness shocked even his father, who once bludgeoned overly zealous heir to the whip on the back and insisted that the son behaved more prudently when in battle.

But the military brass appreciated the heroism of the young officer for dignity, and at the end of the war he was awarded orders of St. Anna third and fourth grade.Yakov Petrovich Baklanov

Start the service in the Caucasus

After a Little rest from battle, a young Cormorants returned to service, filled with the desire to continue to glorify the heroism of the don Cossacks. Some time Yakov Petrovich guarded Russian border on the Prut, and in 1834 was returned to the Kuban regiment Zhirova, which undertook its first campaigns against the highlanders.

Brave Kuban Cossacks stormed the villages located on the banks of the rivers Prefer, White, lab and Chamlyk. During one of these expeditions Cormorants was seriously wounded in the head, and in another brilliantly out of a seemingly hopeless situation, in fact, destroying the enemy with his bare hands. And this despite the fact that the mountaineers four times superior to the number of a detachment of Cossacks.

Very quickly from a young and hot warriors Yakov Petrovich Baklanov became a seasoned, cunning and skilful military officer. His fame grew, and feats by the time he received the order of St. Vladimir of the fourth degree.

Polish retreat

In 1837, Baklanov produced in captains, and four years later don Cossack regiment No. 36, which at that time was Yakov Petrovich, was sent to Poland – to guard the border with Prussia.

The Years spent in the West, was not a large military achievements, but played a very important role in the life of Baklanova. While in Poland, the future General was engaged in their education, for which he had neither the time nor the energy. He read classical literature, acquainted with the monuments of European culture, studied the history of wars, etc.

The Polish period can be called a kind of cultural retreat, a little break before the big battles.

Rain highlanders

After Returning from a Western trip, Yakov Petrovich Baklanov was promoted to Sergeant and was a don Cossack regiment number twenty, which oversaw the Kura strengthening.

From that moment began the brightest period in the life of a hereditary Cossack. His career rapidly went up the hill, and the name thundered throughout the Caucasus and far beyond.

In the assigned regiment Baklanov was confusion and vacillation. Discipline was absent, the Cossacks went in ragged clothes, indulged in drinking, playing cards, and was distinguished by zeal for the service.participants of the Crimean war

Very quickly the new foreman changed the situation radically. He banned alcohol and come to grips with the education of soldiers, arranging special lessons of military strategy and tactics.

A Cossack chieftain proved himself a wisesupervisor, and under him the regiment No. 20 performed many heroic campaigns. Almost all of my salary Cormorants spent on bribing spies in the enemy camp, who promptly informed him about the plans of the enemy, and in the end, the Cossacks were always ahead of the game.

In those days the Army was occupied by the confrontation with the highlanders making regular raids on Russian villages. With the arrival Jacob Petrovich enemy from the position of the attack was defensive, because now the Cossacks burned villages Chechens, drove people and livestock, took away valuable property and products.

Baklanov highlanders spoke in whispers, calling him a Russian devil. They truly believed that this man supports an unclean thing, and in panic was afraid of him. A six-foot, broad-shouldered Cossack with pox pitted face, a bushy mustache and thick eyebrows have enjoyed the image. Once he was caught off guard, jumped into the battlefield to worn on the naked body cloak with his sword over his shoulder. And at other times suddenly appeared before the enemy, when he thought that Cormorants is dying after a serious injury.

These and similar cases have only strengthened the reputation of the invincible warrior. And even the main Highlander – the terrible Shamil – with respect to the Cossack chieftain. However, his subordinates abused because they are too afraid.

don Cossacks

During the service in the Caucasus, from 1846 to 1863, Yakov Petrovich Baklanov was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and has received numerous awards, including the order of St. George of the fourth degree, the order of Vladimir of the third degree and other.

When the 20th regiment was disbanded, Prince Vorontsov has made to Yakov Petrovich remained in the ranks and received at the disposal of another regiment, No. 17. Many believed then Baklanova an indispensable officer. After all, he managed to radically change the balance of power between Russians and mountaineers in favor of his countrymen.

Twenty years of excellent service

On the Tenth of April 1853, for valor shown during attack of enemy positions near the village Gurdal, Baklanov was awarded the order of St. Stanislaus 1-th degree. The eleventh of March of the same year he was appointed to the headquarters of the Caucasian corps commander of the cavalry of the left flank. The headquarters was located in the fortress of Grozny (now the city of Grozny).

The Fourteenth of June, 1854, for courage, bravery and difference, manifested in the defeat of the highland forces between the fortress of Grozny and Urus-Martan, Baklanov declared the Imperial gratitude. The twenty-second of August of the same year he was awarded honors irreproachable service for twenty years.

The Fateful talisman, or baklanovskiy icon

The Glory of the heroics of the legendary commander had spread far beyond the Caucasus. Baklanov was loved and respected throughout the Russian Empire. With his name, many associated the don Cossacks of those times.

hero of the Caucasian war

And then one day, the chieftain was delivered a package from an unknown admirer. On opening it, Yakov Petrovich found inside the black icon from silk with embroidered white Adam's head (skull and crossbones) and the inscription ‘I look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the age. Amen”.

Baklanov just fell in love with this gift and never parted with him till the end of life. Creepy icon became his mascot. He caused terror even among the Cossacks and the highlanders at the sight of a fluttering black banner on a giant figure of a horseman just panic. They were convinced that it is death itself rushes on them, so scattered in all directions. And then talked to their children about the terrible giant, sent to earth by Satan.

The image of the Russian commander is still preserved in the legends and tales of the Chechens. Also it was included in songs of the Cossacks of the don.

Fight with Ganemon

Among the enemy from time to time there were people who claimed that they destroyed a Russian devil. They boasted that the head of the Cossack army hero will fall from their mighty hands. One of these brave men was the mountain shooter named Ganem. He threatened to kill Baklanov, when he will lead the cabin clearing.

The Scouts told Yakov Petrovich of this intention, and he took an unexpected decision-to appear in places where it will wait for the enemy to tempt fate.

Crimean Cossack regiment ataman Baklanova

The First shot Dianema passed. The second bullet went through the edge of coat Cossack. And then the shooter lost his nerve, and he leaned out of his hiding place. Cormorants responded immediately and killed the enemy on the spot by a shot from fitting. The bullet hit right in the forehead. After this incident, even the biggest skeptics believe in the magical abilities of a General. The mountaineers were convinced that Satan protects this Russian demon in the flesh.

Crimean war

As you know, in 1853 with a new force broke out the Russo-Turkish conflict. But since 1855 the participants of the Crimean war, could see beside him on the battlefield of the legendary General Baklanov, who was temporarily transferred to the hottest point of the Russian Empire. There he was appointed commander of the regular cavalry, which guarded the already captured from the Turks the fortress and helped to take new ones.

Crimean Cossack ataman regiment Baklanov was famous for its success on the battlefield, and he was well known to the enemy, who were afraid of him and called “Batman-Klych” (hero with a sword in twenty pounds).

During the Russo-Turkishwar Yakov Petrovich was seriously wounded in the head, but remained in the ranks. For military merit was awarded the order of St. Anne of the first degree.

At the end of 1855 Cormorants left the Crimea and dipped into civilian life, settling in Novocherkassk. But the rest did not last long. Already in 1857 it again sent to the Caucasus.

ul icon

Service in Vilnius

Another important period in the life of Yakov Petrovich Baklanov was his service in Vilna, where he stood at the head of the Don Cossack regiments from 1863 to 1867.

Brave southern warriors were deployed here to quell the uprising, which occurred in Poland and the management felt that an experienced General can bring to this situation, many benefits. However, in military operations Cormorants did not participate, and helped to count Muraviev in quelling the rebellion in other ways.

The Latter had a very bad reputation among the local population, and when his assistant appeared a two-meter Cossack, people are seized with real fear. Baklanov attributed to animal cruelty and temper. But soon the opinion about it has changed dramatically.

Ant has entrusted to his assistant to manage the August province, forest infested by gangs of rebels. Two weeks after arrival Baklanov, the province has become a model of peace and obedience. To achieve such a result, Yakov Petrovich has managed, successfully combining military prosecution with administrative measures. The locals began to treat him with deep respect.

General Baklanov personally traveled the territory entrusted to him and has had hundreds of conversations with local people, trying to know the mood of the people. He tried to meet everyone who wanted a peaceful and quiet life. Often, he even allowed himself to disobey Muraviev and did not take away the property of the rebels, although “chief” insisted on mandatory confiscation. Cormorants are believed, however, that so soon alienated the local, and the conflict will flare up even more. He wanted to dispel the rumors about the Russian ferocity, and he did it.

Knowing that Yakov Petrovich helps the minor heirs to keep the farm exiled to Siberia, the parents, the Ants got furious, but eventually accepted a position Baklanova.

Recent years

During my Lithuanian trip Yakov Petrovich Baklanov became seriously ill – passed the liver. In 1864, he went home to recuperate, and then returned to Vilna. In the summer of that year in Novocherkassk burned all the property of the chieftain and the money, of course, is not the best way affect the health of the elderly Cossack.

In 1867, the hero of the Caucasian war and other high-profile campaigns have returned to the don, and then moved to Petersburg, where he spent his last years.

Baklanov led a quiet, inconspicuous life, after losing his savings just to make ends meet. Of the battles never thought, just talked about old times, working on the memoirs, “My fighting life”.

The Disease has receded, and on the eighteenth of October, 1873 Yakov Petrovich did not. He was buried on the cemetery of Novodevichy convent. The ceremony was funded by the Army.

biography Baklanova

Memory of the hero

Five years after the death of the hero, over his grave on voluntary donations, the monument was erected, which is a rock thrown on her cloak and hat. And from under hats you can see the legendary baklanovskiy icon.

In 1911, General ‘back home". His ashes were transported to his homeland and reburied in Novocherkassk. Near Baklanova, in the crypt of the Cathedral of the ascension, lie and other heroes of Russia – Platov, Orlov-Denisov, Efremov…

The memory of the fearless warrior, the wise General, a great patriot of his country and a kind-hearted man with a severe appearance alive today. From generation to generation the songs of the Cossacks, in which there is the image of a brave chieftain and his legendary “baklanovskiy blow”, in which the sword was cut in two rider along with the horse. The name of the Russian General mentioned in the legends of peoples of the Caucasus.

In honor of Baklanov in 1909 called the 17th don Cossack regiment. Also his name is now the village where he was born, Yakov Petrovich. And the residents of Novocherkassk received in memory of the hero baklanovskiy Prospekt (formerly Trinity), and several monuments. Also the monument to ataman stands today in Volgodonsk.

Set in stone, Yakov Baklanov looks the same as in life – severe, terrible, sharp. Only one form of General at the time caused a panic among the enemies. But friends and family knew the powerful, impregnable shell hid a soft heart and a sensitive soul.

The Hero don Cormorants – this is a sample of a true warrior, which comes out on the battlefield, not because out for blood or adrenaline, but because he loves his homeland and is willing to fight for it till his last breath. Personality brave Cossacks should not be forgotten by the descendants and deserves to become an example for the young.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/3322-baklanov.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/5878-baklana-yaka-pyatrov-ch-kazachy-ataman-b-yagraf-ya.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/5879-jakow-petrowitsch-baklanow-kosaken-ataman-biografie.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/5884-los-cormoranes-yakov-petrovich-el-cosaco-ataman-biograf-a.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/3325-yakov-petrovich-baklanov-cossack-ataman.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/3323-yakov-petrovich-baklanov-ataman.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/5881-baklanov-yakov-petrovich-kazachiy-ataman-m-rbayany.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/5882-kormorany-piotr-pietrowicz-kozacki-ataman-biografia.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/5878-bigu-s-jacob-petrovic-chefe-cossaco-biografia.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/5885-karabatak-yakov-petrovi-kazak-ataman-biyografi.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/5882-baklanov-yak-v-petrovich-kozac-kiy-otaman-b-ograf-ya.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/3587-yakov-petrovich-baklanov-cossack-ataman-biography.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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