Cranial nerves, deviations that occur when their pathology

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2019-04-21 15:20:18

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The Nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, extending from their nerves and their ramifications. All the nervous ramifications connected in the peripheral nervous system. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal. Each pair has its own name and number which is indicated by a Roman numeral. Cranial nerves located at the base of the brain. On the composition of nerve fibres, there are three their functions: motor, sensory and mixed.

 

Sensitive cranial nerves are formed from fibers of neurons that lie outside the brain. These include the olfactory, optic and auditory nerves. They provide vestibular function, hearing, sight and smell. The first pair starts from the nerve cells located in the nasal mucosa. In lesions of this nerve there is a complete loss of ability to smell. The second pair is the optic nerve, which originates in the cells of the retina. Its atrophy leads to a sharp decrease in visual acuity, sometimes to complete blindness. The eighth pair is the auditory nerves responsible for hearing and the operation of the vestibular apparatus. For violation of his work causes dizziness, hearing loss, ataxia, vestibular dysfunction.

 

Motor function brings together five pairs of nerves. They originate in the motor nuclei of the trunk. The third, fourth, and sixth pair of nerves are connected with the structure and movement of the eye. The oculomotor nerve is the third pair. It is formed by fibers that start from the same cores. Parasympathetic fibers contained in the nerve, Innervate muscles of the eye. The affected cranial nerves III pairs are characterized by the drooping of the upper eyelid, divergent strabismus and mydriasis. With the defeat of IV trochlear nerve in vision is noted double vision. When the sight is folded down, a small manifest strabismus. If disturbed activity VI abducens nerve, changes the movement of the eyeball outward, this leads to converging strabismus and diplopia.

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The Facial nerve (VII) controls facial muscles. Additionally it contains the fibers of taste sensitivity and has autonomic fibers that regulate the function of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Plus the XI nerve, regulates the functions of certain muscles. When the lesion appears muscle paresis or paralysis. Last, hypoglossal XII nerve associated with the muscles of the tongue. In violation of this nerve observed reduced mobility of the tongue forward and its deviation to the affected side. Evident muscle atrophy, pain of the tongue root, fibrillar twitchings.

 

Mixed function cranial nerves perform V, IX, and X pairs. Fifth, the trigeminal nerve controls chewing muscles and provides the sensitivity of the person. Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve is responsible for salivation, taste and condition of the pharynx and tongue. The vagus (X) nerve provides the sensitivity of the rear portions of the oral cavity, larynx and pharynx. He is responsible for the functioning of their muscles. Cranial nerves X pairs provide parasympathetic interrelationship of the internal organs.

 

With the defeat of the trigeminal nerve, there are attacks of sharp pain of neuralgic character in the corresponding areas of the face. They are accompanied by redness and tearing. In pathology of IX pairs felt pain in the throat, there is difficulty in swallowing, noticed the disorder of taste, salivation impaired. With the defeat of the vagus nerve variation in the activity of internal organs. When bilateral lesions observed swallowing disorders, nasal tone of speech, pain in the ear. Such violations are always accompanied by a heavy forecast.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/16610-cranial-nerves-deviations-that-occur-when-their-pathology.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/32188-cherapna-mazgavyya-nervy-adh-lenn-yak-ya-zn-kayuc-pry-h-patalog.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/31863-die-tscherepno-gehirnnerven-die-abweichungen-die-bei-der-pathologie.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/31723-los-nervios-craneales-cerebrales-las-desviaciones-cuando-su-patolog-a.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/18265-cranial-nerves-deviations-that-occur-when-their-pathology.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/16306-cranial-nerves-deviations-that-occur-when-their-pathology.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/32514-bas-s-yek-mi-nervter-auyt-u-kez-nde-payda-bolatyn-olardy-patologiyasy.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/33572-czaszkowo-m-zgowe-nerwy-odchylenia-wynikaj-ce-z-patologii.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/33326-les-o-do-c-rebro-nervos-os-desvios-que-ocorrem-quando-a-sua-patologia.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/28939-travmatik-beyin-sinirler-sapma-meydana-onlar-patoloji.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/32724-cherepno-mozkov-nervi-v-dhilennya-scho-vinikayut-pri-h-patolog.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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