What is the controversy in biology (in bacteria, fungi and plants)?

The So-called special kind of cells with a fairly thick shell. What is the controversy? They may have several categories of organisms: bacteria, fungi, plants. Their functions are different. If the bacteria forming the data cells serves as a method of protection against adverse environmental conditions, the method of preservation of the species, the plants and fungi – and also for reproduction. That such controversy in biology, and many other interesting things you will learn from our article.

Microorganisms

The word “dispute” of Greek origin and it means “seed” or “crop”. What is spores in bacteria? These microscopic organisms as the most ancient people on Earth, should have maximum protection against all kinds of cataclysms that took place over the times. And nature has given them a great margin of safety that is unparalleled. Bacteria can survive freezing with nitrogen, can live in hot geysers where the water temperature almost reaches a boil. Some microbes live in acidic lakes, and hydrogen sulfide environment. They live high up in the atmosphere and deep in the soil, and under water, leaving behind the spores of the bacteria. What does it mean? If living conditions are unfavorable, the bacterium does not die, and forms a certain form of existence called a spore.

Conservation

Such a change, a new shaping of the body caused usually by lack of food, extremes in temperature, humidity. It is, figuratively speaking, “insurance” bacteria and in this form it can be stored, to be protected from extinction for many years. Different bacteria spores look different. For example, hay Bacillus they are in the center and do not exceed the diameter of the microorganism. Other – higher than the diameter and are at the end of the cell. If the dispute is within the bacteria (a microorganism may form only one), then this is endospore. The germ that creates such a dispute is called the sporangium. But it also happens that the dispute is covered by an additional protective sheath, and the rest of the cells, as it dies. The new formation is suspended, the exchange process, there is practically no liquid, and matter is significantly reduced in volume as it “shrink”.

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What is spores in fungi?

In the Kingdom of fungi, combines some characteristics of plants and animals, everything happens a little differently. Here spores are formed mainly for the purpose of breeding. What do you mean “disputes” in Mycology (the study of mushrooms)? On earth there is, according to some scholars, more than a million species of fungi. They have become an integral part of the ground, underground and aquatic ecosystems. How do mushrooms spread so fast?

And this is due to disputes intended by nature for reproduction. In the dispute of the fungus contains one or more cells of microscopic size. There are very few nutrients, the formation of a concentrate. Spores are very lightweight, so they “travel” with the help of wind and water, with the participation of other living organisms. Many of them die, rare – survive. The death of the compensated nature: the immense number of spores. So, for example, mushrooms can form to forty billion spores per hour! Once in favorable conditions, the surviving spores germinate to give rise to a new mycelium of the fungus. There is evidence for the formation of asexual (mitosporic) and sex (meiospore) reproduction. Their functions are different. The first is designed for the mass resettlement of increasing the number of vegetative periods. And the second – rather, to improve the quality of reproduction.

Plants

What is the controversy in the realm of flora? All the plants in one form or another, can form spores. This process is referred to as sporogenes. However, the spore called those plants, which are technically spread and reproduce by means of these forms. It is mostly algae, ferns, mosses, moss, horsetail. It is believed that in the evolutionary process (about 400 million years ago) from the green algae occurred in higher plants which reproduce by spores – inifity. They – the progenitors of all the higher spore and seed fauna, existing in the modern world.